The Exceptional Design of Large Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries

Drėmaitė, Marija

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23392-1_4

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Kutarba, 1996). For the Baltics, Drėmaitė (2019: 71) concludes that architects of Lithuanian and Estonian ‘mikrorayons’ ‘tried to bring a certain level of dignity to otherwise standardised Soviet large housing estates’.…”

Section: Making Dignity Explicit In Urban Geography: Two Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dignity in urban geography: Starting a conversation

Großmann

Трубина

2022

Dialogues in Human Geography

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Studies in critical urban geography actively deal with injustices and humiliation, employing concepts like equity, justice, sustainability and the like, but strikingly, dignity is not among such current normative concepts. Analytic perspectives and definitions of dignity are widely discussed by philosophy, legal studies, and race and indigenous studies, but a dialogue of this literature with urban geographical work is still pending. This article initiates a conceptual conversation between these traditions. It reviews how dignity occurs in urban geographical work, then presents contemporary literature on the concept of dignity, and suggests a heuristic approach that can then serve geographical analyses. We outline the potential of scholarly engagement with the concept of dignity and its merits in considering two classic topics of urban geographical scholarship from a dignity-perspective: the employment of dignifying rhetoric for promotion of mega-events, and large housing estates as a stigmatized type of neighbourhood. We highlight affectual and relational perspectives of dignity, including the interpersonal and societal emergence of dignifying or humiliating practices, and the contingency of the concept of dignity across time and context. For critical urban studies and human geography, we thus establish dignity as the moral status of a person, of a collective, and of a place within a given context rather than a universal moral status.

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Section: Making Dignity Explicit In Urban Geography: Two Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dignity in urban geography: Starting a conversation

Großmann

Трубина

2022

Dialogues in Human Geography

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“…The invisibility of women, as mentioned here, is also noticeable throughout Drėmaitė's (2020, 2019a, 2019b) work on the history of architecture in Lithuania, where on the few occasions where women are mentioned, it is as the wife of someone. Thus, women have had a longstanding involvement in the design and creation of buildings, but their contribution has long been overlooked and their progress impeded because of patriarchal mechanisms in place.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Gender inequality in an “Equal” environment

Caven

Astor

Urbanavičienė

2021

Gender Work & Organization

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Lithuania, as a part of the former Soviet Union, has a long‐standing history of perceived equality for women in the workplace. Women played an equal role in economic production as it was a constitutional expectation that all citizens had both a right and an obligation to work. Consequently, at the time of independence in 1990 the levels of participation of women in the workplace including at managerial and professional levels were much higher than other western European countries. In architecture, women achieved parity in terms of numbers, but this equality did not transfer into all aspects of economic activity. Drawing on qualitative survey and interview data from 31 Lithuanian women architects, our findings show, despite the historical emphasis on equality, the existence of a “critical mass” of women in the profession and the adoption of EU gender equality policy, the position of women remains poor with clear evidence of sex discrimination, harassment, and lack of opportunities for career advancement.

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“…With the collapse of the Soviet system, architects from the eldest generation lost their venerable titles of master craftsmen, their influence, and the privileges they once held. This loss makes them long for their former strong positions and powers (Drėmaitė 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Architectural bureaucracy replaced democratic architectural processes, and artistic freedom was restricted by the Communist Party's ideology. Following Khrushchev's reforms in Soviet construction and architecture in 1955, architectural design was regulated by strict directives, instructions, norms, and standardization rules, seeking the most economical solutions (Drėmaitė 2017). With the growth of the urban population, residential construction underwent industrialization in the mid-1950s and full typification a decade later, leading to accompanying bureaucratic and stagnant economic problems.…”

Section: Conditions That Shaped the Professional Culture Of Lithuania...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Art-Creator towards Moderator: Roles of Lithuanian Architects

Navickiene

2023

ACE: Architecture, City and Environment

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L'article tracta de l'autoreflexió dels arquitectes lituans sobre els seus rols professionals i les seves transformacions des de mitjans del segle XX, abastant el sistema soviètic fins al 1990 i l'entorn neoliberal després. El paper d'un arquitecte es defineix com els motius, les aspiracions i els modes de pràctica d'un professional basat en un sistema de valors. La identificació dels rols es basa en entrevistes en profunditat semiestructurades realitzades el 2015-2021 amb 33 arquitectes lituans destacats que es van graduar d'estudis d'arquitectura el 1950-2009 i eren actius en la pràctica o en l'àmbit acadèmic. Les entrevistes es van analitzar segons el mètode d'anàlisi temàtica. Es van identificar i caracteritzar sis rols professionals d'arquitectes lituans en parelles polaritzades com els rols de ‘creador d'art’ i ‘artesà’, els papers de ‘líder’ i ‘proveïdor de serveis’, i els papers de ‘moderador’ i ‘empresari’. Els primers rols en parelles tenen connotacions emocionals i valoratives positives, mentre que els segons estan devaluats. En l'autodeterminació personal d'un arquitecte, els rols no apareixen en la seva forma pura, sinó combinats. L'evolució dels rols va estar determinada per la ideologia modernista i les transformacions posteriors al canvi de règims polítics el 1990. Mentre que els arquitectes modernistes soviètics van emfatitzar els papers de creador d'art i líder en la construcció, els joves arquitectes van revisar de manera crítica aquests rols i es van centrar en el paper de moderador. La divulgació dels rols professionals explica els xocs de valors i reaccions en la ideologia i la pràctica professional. The article deals with the self-reflection of Lithuanian architects on their professional roles and their transformations since the mid-20th century, encompassing the Soviet system until 1990 and the neoliberal environment afterward. The role of an architect is defined as a value system-based professional’s motives, aspirations, and modes of praxis. The identification of the roles is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in 2015-2021 with 33 prominent Lithuanian architects who graduated from architectural studies in 1950-2009 and were/are active in practice or academia. The interviews were analysed according to the method of thematic analysis. Six professional roles of Lithuanian architects in polarised pairs were identified and characterized like the roles of ‘art-creator’ and 'craftsman', the roles of ‘leader’ and ‘service provider’, and the roles of 'moderator' and ‘businessman’. The first roles in pairs have positive emotional and evaluative connotations, while the second ones are devalued. In the personal self-determination of an architect, the roles appear not in their pure form, but in combination. The evolution of roles was determined by the modernist ideology and the transformations following the change of political regimes in 1990. While Soviet modernist architects emphasized the roles of art-creator and leader in construction, young architects critically revised these roles and focus on the role of moderator. Disclosure of professional roles explains the clashes of values and reactions in the professional ideology and practice. El artículo aborda la autorreflexión de los arquitectos lituanos sobre sus roles profesionales y sus transformaciones desde mediados del siglo XX, abarcando el sistema soviético hasta 1990 y el entorno neoliberal posterior. El papel de un arquitecto se define como los motivos, aspiraciones y modos de praxis de un profesional basado en un sistema de valores. La identificación de los roles se sustenta en entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad, realizadas entre 2015 y 2021, a 33 destacados arquitectos lituanos que se graduaron en estudios de arquitectura entre 1950 y 2009 y estuvieron/están activos en la práctica profesional o en el mundo académico. Éstas fueron analizadas con el método de análisis temático. Se identificaron y caracterizaron seis roles profesionales de los arquitectos lituanos en pares polarizados: los roles de ‘creador de arte’ y ‘artesano’, de ‘líder’ y ‘proveedor de servicios’, y de ‘moderador’ y ‘hombre de negocios’. Los primeros roles en pareja tienen connotaciones emocionales y valorativas positivas, mientras que los segundos están devaluados. En la autodeterminación personal de un arquitecto, los roles no aparecen en forma pura, sino combinados. La evolución de los roles estuvo determinada por la ideología modernista y las transformaciones que siguieron al cambio de regímenes políticos en 1990. Mientras que los arquitectos modernistas soviéticos enfatizaron los roles de creador de arte y líder en la construcción, los arquitectos jóvenes revisaron críticamente estos roles y se centraron en el papel de moderador. La divulgación de los roles profesionales explica los choques de valores y reacciones en la ideología y la práctica profesionales.

show abstract

The Exceptional Design of Large Housing Estates in the Baltic Countries

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Dignity in urban geography: Starting a conversation

Dignity in urban geography: Starting a conversation

Gender inequality in an “Equal” environment

From Art-Creator towards Moderator: Roles of Lithuanian Architects

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