The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer

Möller, Andreas; Lobb, Richard J.

doi:10.1038/s41568-020-00299-w

Cited by 333 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…In spite of the great interest for cfDNA [57] and EVs [58] in the field of liquid biopsy, the association of the two entities has not been studied extensively [1,15,58]. Especially the association of DNA and EVs in the plasma of healthy human individuals remained elusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and topology of DNA associated with circulating extracellular vesicles released during exercise

Neuberger

Hillen

Mayr

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although it is widely accepted that cancer derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry DNA cargo, the association of cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) and EVs in plasma of healthy humans remains elusive. Using a physiological exercise model, where EVs and cfDNA are synchronously released, we aimed to characterize the kinetics and localization of DNA associated with EVs. EVs were separated from human plasma using size exclusion chromatography or immuno-affinity capture for CD9+, CD63+, and CD81+ EVs. DNA was quantified with an ultra-sensitive qPCR assay targeting repetitive LINE elements, with or without DNase digestion. This model shows that a minute part of circulating cell-free DNA is associated with EVs. During rest and following exercise, only 0.12 % of the total cfDNA occurs in association with CD9+/CD63+/CD81+EVs. DNase digestion experiments indicate that the largest part of EV associated DNA is sensitive to DNase digestion and only ~20 % are protected within the lumen of the separated EVs. A single bout of running or cycling exercise increases the levels of EVs, cfDNA, and EV associated DNA. While EV surface DNA is increasing, DNAse-resistant DNA remains at resting levels, indicating that EVs released during exercise (ExerVs) do not contain DNA. Consequently, DNA is largely associated with the outer surface of circulating EVs. ExerVs recruit cfDNA to their corona, but do not carry DNA in their lumen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and topology of DNA associated with circulating extracellular vesicles released during exercise

Neuberger

Hillen

Mayr

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…These contents can be transported to recipient cells and interact with them to trigger biological responses (25,26). In response to various internal and external conditions, the molecular properties and contents of EVs are often altered (11). Exosomes are an important class of EVs and an attractive tool for diagnosing and treating diseases, with special biological significance.…”

Section: The Biogenesis and Isolation Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this process, exosomes act as connectors and regulators to help the tumor grow. We have come to realize that the biological changes that occur in exosomes reflect their cell state (including oncogenic transformation) (11). A large body of evidence suggests that tumor cells often secrete more exosomes than do healthy cells, and the onset of cancer may cause changes in the molecular cargo of exosomes (71,72).…”

Section: Tc-derived Exosomes In Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous groups of vesicles with membranous subcellular structures released by almost all cell types. They can be found in various physiological fluids including blood, urine, saliva, lymph, and seminal fluid (11,12). Based on the origin and diameter of vesicles, EVs can be divided into three major subclasses: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Exosomes in Thyroid Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Application

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is rapidly increasing worldwide. The diagnostic accuracy and dynamics of TC need to be improved, and traditional treatments are not effective enough for patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. Exosomes are membrane vesicles secreted specifically by various cells and are involved in intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes secreted by TC cells contribute to tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. Exosomes in liquid biopsies can reflect the overall molecular information of tumors, and have natural advantages in diagnosing TC. Exosomes also play an important role in tumor therapy due to their special physicochemical properties. TC patients will benefit as more exosome patterns are discovered. In this review, we discuss the role of TC-derived exosomes in tumorigenesis and development, and describe the application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of TC.

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“…Exosomes, as natural nano-scale particles, have various advantages in comparison with other engineered nanoparticles. In the last decade, basic research and clinical trials related to exosomes have penetrated many fields of medicine ( Bebelman et al, 2020 ; Fang et al, 2020 ; Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020 ; Moller and Lobb, 2020 ). Because exosomes can be secreted by almost all cells and different types of exosomes can perform a variety of functions, how to choose the ideal cells for research is a question that needs to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes: A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine

et al. 2021

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As nano-scale biological vesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes, in particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes), have been studied in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of many diseases. In addition, through the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology, exosomes have emerged as innovative tools for the development of nanomedicine. This review focuses on a profound summarization of MSC-exosomes as a powerful tool in bionanomedicine. It systemically summarizes the role of MSC-exosomes as a nanocarrier, drug loading and tissue engineering, and their potential contribution in a series of diseases as well as the advantages of exosomes over stem cells and synthetic nanoparticles and potential disadvantages. The in-depth understanding of the functions and mechanisms of exosomes provides insights into the basic research and clinical transformation in the field of nanomedicine.

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The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer

Cited by 333 publications

References 141 publications

Kinetics and topology of DNA associated with circulating extracellular vesicles released during exercise

Kinetics and topology of DNA associated with circulating extracellular vesicles released during exercise

The Role of Exosomes in Thyroid Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Application

Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes: A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine

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