Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes: A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine

Wei, Wen-Qi; Ao, Qiang; Wang, Xiaohong; Cao, Yue; Yan-ying, Liu; Zheng, Song Guo; Tian, Xiaohong

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.590470

Cited by 112 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Along with the rapid growth in nanobiotechnology, the research of exosomes has been advancing from biology [ 32 , 106 ] to biomarkers [ 107 , 108 ] and nanomedicines [ 109 ] over the past decade. For drug delivery, exosomes have shown various advantages compared with conventional synthetic materials such as liposomes [ 110 ].…”

Section: Comparison Of Natural Exosomes and Artificial Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Liu

et al. 2021

J Nanobiotechnol

145

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Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles and are emerging as competent nanocarriers for drug delivery. The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges such as massive production, standard isolation, drug loading, stability and quality control. In recent years, artificial exosomes are emerging based on nanobiotechnology to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes. Major types of artificial exosomes include ‘nanovesicles (NVs)’, ‘exosome-mimetic (EM)’ and ‘hybrid exosomes (HEs)’, which are obtained by top-down, bottom-up and biohybrid strategies, respectively. Artificial exosomes are powerful alternatives to natural exosomes for drug delivery. Here, we outline recent advances in artificial exosomes through nanobiotechnology and discuss their strengths, limitations and future perspectives. The development of artificial exosomes holds great values for translational nanomedicine.

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Section: Comparison Of Natural Exosomes and Artificial Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Liu

et al. 2021

J Nanobiotechnol

145

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“…Compared with synthetic NPs, exosome NPs possess inherent biocompatibility, higher chemical stability and the ability to manage intercellular communications. However, there are obstacles of exosome NP application, such as lack of uniform criteria of exosomal isolation and purification, unclear mechanism of exosome in cancer treatment, heterogeneity and difficulty preserving [ 73 – 75 ].…”

Section: Nanomaterials Used For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives

et al. 2021

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Cancer is a disease with complex pathological process. Current chemotherapy faces problems such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, induction of multi-drug resistance and stem-like cells growth. Nanomaterials are materials in the nanorange 1–100 nm which possess unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Nanomaterials used in cancer therapy can be classified into several main categories. Targeting cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and immune system, these nanomaterials have been modified for a wide range of cancer therapies to overcome toxicity and lack of specificity, enhance drug capacity as well as bioavailability. Although the number of studies has been increasing, the number of approved nano-drugs has not increased much over the years. To better improve clinical translation, further research is needed for targeted drug delivery by nano-carriers to reduce toxicity, enhance permeability and retention effects, and minimize the shielding effect of protein corona. This review summarizes novel nanomaterials fabricated in research and clinical use, discusses current limitations and obstacles that hinder the translation from research to clinical use, and provides suggestions for more efficient adoption of nanomaterials in cancer therapy.

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“…In the case of MSC-derived EVs, they have been found to share many attributes such as content, immunophenotype and unique homing ability (tropism) as their parental MSCs ( Wei et al, 2021 ). As a result, their intrinsic therapeutic ability has been heavily investigated in recent years.…”

Section: Evs As a Novel Class Of Therapeuticmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A New Therapeutic Paradigm

Johnson

Shojaee²,

Crow³

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells obtained from many tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and placenta. MSCs are the leading cell source for stem cell therapy due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, their low risk of tumorigenesis and lack of ethical constraints. However, clinical applications of MSCs remain limited. MSC therapeutic development continues to pose challenges in terms of preparation, purity, consistency, efficiency, reproducibility, processing time and scalability. Additionally, there are issues with their poor engraftment and survival in sites of disease or damage that limit their capacity to directly replace damaged cells. A key recent development in MSC research, however, is the now widely accepted view that MSCs primarily exert therapeutic effects via paracrine factor secretion. One of the major paracrine effectors are extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs represent a potential cell-free alternative to stem cell therapy but are also rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic platform in their own right, particularly in the form of engineered EVs (EEVs) tailored to target a broad range of clinical indications. However, the development of EVs and EEVs for therapeutic application still faces a number of hurdles, including the establishment of a consistent, scalable cell source, and the development of robust GMP-compliant upstream and downstream manufacturing processes. In this review we will highlight the clinical challenges of MSC therapeutic development and discuss how EVs and EEVs can overcome the challenges faced in the clinical application of MSCs.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes: A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine

Cited by 112 publications

References 115 publications

Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine

Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives

From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A New Therapeutic Paradigm

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