The Evolving Role of Experimental Mechanics in 1-D Nanostructure-Based Device Development

Agrawal, Ravi; Loh, Owen Y.; Espinosa, Horacio D.

doi:10.1007/s11340-010-9437-0

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…[1][2][3] These devices enabled the direct determination of force as a function of displacement and revealed the unusual mechanical properties of NM. [13][14][15] However, these techniques cannot normally reveal the actual deformation mechanisms that involve dislocation activities in the NM because of the difficulties in interpreting the displacement-force correlations to details of the dislocation initiation and interaction activities. 16 TEM is one of the most powerful and effective techniques that has nanoscale and atomic-level resolution capabilities along with the ability to obtain crystallographic and chemical information.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques By In Situ Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 During the past decade, the use of TEM for investigating in situ mechanics and the related physics of materials has been one of the most interesting research fields due to the unexpected and unusual mechanical and physical size-effects in materials with micron/nano dimensions or volumes. [4][5][6][7]9,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18] The simplest approach for performing in situ deformation experiments in a TEM utilizes a conventional TEM single-tilt straining stage, which can tilt the strained/stressed sample along one axis. With this stage, the total elongation of the sample can be determined by monitoring the elongation from subsequent TEM images.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques By In Situ Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

2013

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Sub-micron and nanostructured materials exhibit high strength, ultra-large elasticity and unusual plastic deformation behaviors. These properties are important for their applications as building blocks for the fabrication of nano-and micro-devices as well as for their use as components for composite materials, high-strength structural and novel functional materials. These nano-related deformation and mechanical behaviors, which are derived from possible size and dimensional effects and the low density of defects, are considerably different from their conventional bulk counterparts. The atomic-scale understanding of the microstructural evolution process of nanomaterials when they are subjected to external stress is crucial for understanding these 'unusual' phenomena and is important for designing new materials, novel structures and applications. This review presents the recent developments in the methods, techniques, instrumentation and scientific progress for atomic-scale in situ deformation dynamics on nanomaterials, including nanowires, nanotubes, nanocrystals, nanofilms and polycrystalline nanomaterials. The unusual dislocation initiation, partial-full dislocation transition, crystalline-amorphous transitions and fracture phenomena related to the experimental mechanics of the nanomaterials are reviewed. Current limitations and future aspects using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of nanomaterials are also discussed. A new research field of in situ experimental mechanics at the atomic scale is thus expected. Keywords: atomic scale; dislocation; experimental mechanics; in situ; nanomaterial; twin INTRODUCTION Recent studies on nanostructured materials, including nanowires (NWs), 1,2 nanotubes (NTs), 1,3 nanocrystals (NC), 4 micro/nanopillars (NPs) 5-7 and nanocrystalline, 8,9 have revealed a variety of 'unusual deformation' phenomena compared with their bulk counterparts, such as high strength, nano-piezoelectric effects and unusual plastic deformation behaviors. Nanostructured materials can apparently sustain a larger dynamic range of elastic and plastic strains than conventional materials. The results from these studies indicate that the fundamental dislocation processes that initiate and sustain plastic flow and fracture in nanoscale materials are considerably different than in their conventional bulk counterparts. These 'unusual' phenomena not only allow these materials to possess excellent mechanical properties but also enable the tuning of their band structures and related novel electronic, magnetic, optical, photonic and catalytic properties. Revealing the atomic-scale deformation mechanisms of nanomaterials (NM) and controlling their elastic and plastic properties are useful for realizing the desired mechanical, physical and chemical properties through the application of stress or strain.Although extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of NM, 10 the majority of the atomic

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Section: Experimental Techniques By In Situ Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Techniques By In Situ Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

2013

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“…Although all these applications are very promising, they are still years away from being commercially available, mostly due to issues of reliability and robustness,17 as well as performance optimization, which remain to be addressed. For performance optimization it is desirable to know which set of nanowire morphological (diameter, length), structural (crystal structure, defect type and density, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Mechanical and Electromechanical Properties of Piezoelectric Nanowires

Bernal²,

2012

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Piezoelectric nanowires are promising building blocks in nanoelectronic, sensing, actuation and nanogenerator systems. In spite of great progress in synthesis methods, quantitative mechanical and electromechanical characterization of these nanostructures is still limited. In this article, the state-of-the art in experimental and computational studies of mechanical and electromechanical properties of piezoelectric nanowires is reviewed with an emphasis on size effects. The review covers existing characterization and analysis methods and summarizes data reported in the literature. It also provides an assessment of research needs and opportunities. Throughout the discussion, the importance of coupling experimental and computational studies is highlighted. This is crucial for obtaining unambiguous size effects of nanowire properties, which truly reflect the effect of scaling rather than a particular synthesis route. We show that such a combined approach is critical to establish synthesis-structure-property relations that will pave the way for optimal usage of piezoelectric nanowires.

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“…In the SiO x /C sub-nano scale composite, the carbon can provide high electron conductivity while the lithiated SiO x can provide lithium ion conductivity, [37] forming electron/ion dual transport paths. Also, enhanced mechanical properties like high strength, unusual elastic and plastic deformation can be triggered when the size of the components is reduced to nanoscale, [38,39] which would favor the structural integrity during (de)lithiation. The inner Si core shows a periodic atomic arrangement (Figure 2h) corresponding to the [1 −1 1] orientation of Si (according to the FFT of Figure 2i).…”

Section: Constructing a Sio X /C Coating On Si Nps For Fast And Stabl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating Lithium Transfer Pathway to Avoid Capacity Fading of Nano Si Through Sub‐Nano Scale Interfused SiO_x/C Coating

Yu,

Pan,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Si nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as a promising high‐capacity anode material owing to their ability to prevent mechanical failure from drastic volume change during (de)lithiation. However, upon cycling, a quick capacity fading is still observed for Si NPs, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this contribution, it is demonstrated that the quick capacity fading is mainly caused by the generation of dead (electrochemically inert) Si with blocked electron conductivity in a densely composited Si/SEI (solid electrolyte interface) hybrid. This is due to the combined influence of electrolyte‐related side reactions and the accompanied agglomeration of Si NPs. A compact, sub‐nano scale interfused SiOx/C composite coating onto the Si NPs is constructed, and a highly stabilized electrochemistry is achieved upon long cycling. The SiOx/C coating with electron/ion dual transport paths and robust mechanical flexibility enables a fast and stable lithium ion/electron dual diffusion pathway towards the encapsulated Si. With fast reaction kinetics, stable SEI, and an antiagglomeration feature, the obtained Si@SiOx/C composite demonstrates a stable high capacity. This work unravels new perspectives on the capacity fading of Si NPs and provides an effective encapsulating method to remedy the structure degradation and capacity fading of nano Si.

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The Evolving Role of Experimental Mechanics in 1-D Nanostructure-Based Device Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 112 publications

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

A Review of Mechanical and Electromechanical Properties of Piezoelectric Nanowires

Regulating Lithium Transfer Pathway to Avoid Capacity Fading of Nano Si Through Sub‐Nano Scale Interfused SiO_x/C Coating

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The Evolving Role of Experimental Mechanics in 1-D Nanostructure-Based Device Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 112 publications

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

A Review of Mechanical and Electromechanical Properties of Piezoelectric Nanowires

Regulating Lithium Transfer Pathway to Avoid Capacity Fading of Nano Si Through Sub‐Nano Scale Interfused SiOx/C Coating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Regulating Lithium Transfer Pathway to Avoid Capacity Fading of Nano Si Through Sub‐Nano Scale Interfused SiO_x/C Coating