The Evolving Concept of a Stem Cell

Blau, Helen M.; Brazelton, Timothy R.; Weimann, James M.

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00409-3

Cited by 975 publications

(625 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The peripheral blood has long been envisioned as a ''highway'' for lymphoid memory cells and hematopoietic stem cells transiting through the circulation [63,64]. With mounting evidence showing that circulating cells in the peripheral blood are able to contribute to muscle [37,49,60,61], it has been hypothesized that stem cells that contribute to a variety of cell and tissue types may reside in peripheral blood as a means to maintain pools of stem cells that are readily mobilized [57].…”

Section: Discussion Mgmt (P140k)-mediated Donor Cell Enrichment Follomentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated Drug Resistance-Based Selective Enrichment and Engraftment of Transplanted Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2009

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Cell replacement therapy using stem cell transplantation holds much promise in the field of regenerative medicine. In the area of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase MGMT (P140K) gene-mediated drug resistance-based in vivo enrichment strategy of donor stem cells has been shown to achieve up to 75%-100% donor cell engraftment in the host's hematopoietic stem cell compartment following repeated rounds of selection. This strategy, however, has not been applied in any other organ system. We tested the feasibility of using this MGMT (P140K)-mediated enrichment strategy for cell transplantation in skeletal muscles of mice. We demonstrate that muscle cells expressing an MGMT (P140K) drug resistance gene can be protected and selectively enriched in response to alkylating chemotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. Upon transplantation of MGMT (P140K)-expressing male CD34 1ve donor stem cells isolated from regenerating skeletal muscle into injured female muscle treated with alkylating chemotherapy, donor cells showed enhanced engraftment in the recipient muscle 7 days following transplantation as examined by quantitative-polymerase chain reaction using Y-chromosome specific primers. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis using a Y-chromosome paint probe revealed donor-derived de novo muscle fiber formation in the recipient muscle 14 days following transplantation, with approximately 12.5% of total nuclei within the regenerated recipient muscle being of donor origin. Following engraftment, the chemo-protected donor CD34 1ve cells induced substantial endogenous regeneration of the chemo-ablated host muscle that is otherwise unable to selfregenerate. We conclude that the MGMT (P140K)-mediated enrichment strategy can be successfully implemented in muscle.

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Section: Discussion Mgmt (P140k)-mediated Donor Cell Enrichment Follomentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated Drug Resistance-Based Selective Enrichment and Engraftment of Transplanted Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2009

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“…A few scientists follow this path but they never work on embryonic or germinal stem cells. This solution does not lead to a consensus (on stem cell definition debates see also : Blau et al 2001;Loeffler and Roeder 2002;Zipori 2004Zipori , 2005Zipori , 2006Leychkis et al 2009;Zipori 2009). The other possibility, which is the most common one, to resolve these difficulties relating to the definition of stem cells, consists in introducing distinctions between stem cells and classifying them according to these two definitional properties (i.e., potential of differentiation and self-renewal).…”

Section: Stem Cell Classificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells and the Temporal Boundaries of Development: Toward a Species-Dependent View

Laplane

2011

Biol Theory

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International audienceThe tacit standard view that development ends once reproductive capacity is acquired (reproductive boundary, or "RB," thesis) has recently been challenged by biologists and philosophers of biology arguing that development continues until death (death boundary, or "DB," thesis). The relevance of these two theses is difficult to assess because the fact that there is no precise definition of development makes the determination of its temporal boundaries problematic. Taking into account this difficulty, this article tries to develop a new species-dependent perspective on temporal boundaries of development. This species-dependent account stands against both RB and DB theses since neither of them reflects the differences between species in the temporality of their development. In this perspective, I propose to use stem cells as a tool to analyze (1) the different developmental capacities of an organism during its life; and (2) the different developmental temporal capacities between species. In particular, I will show that stem cells enable four distinct temporal developmental patterns to be distinguished, i.e., four distinct temporal boundaries of development in the living. I show how these four patterns can be interpreted differently depending on the perspective one has on the definition of development

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“…For example, when exposed to certain growth factors, neural precursors can be converted into self-renewing stem cells 14,15 . In one extreme view, the propensity to behave as stem cells simply decreases from stem to differentiated cells, and may never be irreversibly lost 16 . In this view, "rather than referring to a discrete cellular entity, a stem cell most accurately refers to a biological function that can be induced in many distinct types of cells, even differentiated cells" 16 .…”

Section: According To Maturana and Varela Living Organisms Are Uniqumentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells as probabilistic self‐producing entities

Ramalho-Santos

2004

BioEssays

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Stem cells have the capacity both to self-renew and to give rise to differentiated progeny, and are vital to the organization of multicellular organisms. Stem cells raise a number of fundamental questions regarding lineage restriction and cellular differentiation, and they hold enormous promise for cell-based therapies. Here I propose a theoretical framework for stem cell biology based on the concepts of autopoiesis (self-production) and complementarity. I discuss how stem cells are pivotal in the self-production of the organism and how we need complementary approaches to understand their probabilistic behavior. I discuss how this framework generates testable hypotheses regarding stem cell functions.

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The Evolving Concept of a Stem Cell

Abstract: specific adult stem cell may need to be expanded. Accordingly, adult stem cells may not only act locally in the tissues in which they reside, but may also be recruited out of the circulation and enlisted in regeneration of diverse tissues at distal sites. Taken to an extreme,

Cited by 975 publications

References 96 publications

Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated Drug Resistance-Based Selective Enrichment and Engraftment of Transplanted Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle

Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated Drug Resistance-Based Selective Enrichment and Engraftment of Transplanted Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle

Stem Cells and the Temporal Boundaries of Development: Toward a Species-Dependent View

Stem cells as probabilistic self‐producing entities

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