The Evolutionary History of Mycorrhizal Specificity Among Lady's Slipper Orchids

Shefferson, Richard P.; Taylor, D. Lee; Weiß, Michael; Garnica, Sigisfredo; McCormick, Melissa; Adams, Seth; Gray, Hope M.; Mcfarland, J. W.; Kull, Tiiu; Tali, Kadri; Yukawa, Tomohisa; Kawahara, Takayuki; Miyoshi, K.; Lee, Yung-I

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00112.x

Cited by 128 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, later reports found abundant mycorrhizal 7) showing a significant mycorrhizal presence in epiphytic life forms from tropical forests. The mycorrhizal status of epiphytic vascular plants has only been widely studied and discussed in the family Orchidaceae (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), but orchids generally form mycorrhizas with Basidiomycota (27)(28)(29), and no clear evidence exists for arbuscular mycorrhiza colonizing them. In humid tropical forests, trees show plenty of vascular epiphytes on their branches and trunks, but little is known about vectors for AMF dispersion in these habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Habitat and Climate Variables on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Community Distribution, as Revealed by a Case Study of Facultative Plant Epiphytism under Semiarid Conditions

Torrecillas

Torres

Alguacil

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bIn semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems, epiphytic plant species are practically absent, and only some species of palm trees can support epiphytes growing in their lower crown area, such as Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm). In this study, we focused on Sonchus tenerrimus L. plants growing as facultative epiphytes in P. dactylifera and its terrestrial forms growing in adjacent soils. Our aim was to determine the possible presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in these peculiar habitats and to relate AMF communities with climatic variations. We investigated the AMF community composition of epiphytic and terrestrial S. tenerrimus plants along a temperature and precipitation gradient across 12 localities. Epiphytic roots were colonized by AMF, as determined by microscopic observation; all of the epiphytic and terrestrial samples analyzed showed AMF sequences from taxa belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota, which were grouped in 30 AMF operational taxonomic units. The AMF community composition was clearly different between epiphytic and terrestrial root samples, and this could be attributable to dispersal constraints and/or the contrasting environmental and ecophysiological conditions prevailing in each habitat. Across sites, the richness and diversity of terrestrial AMF communities was positively correlated with rainfall amount during the most recent growing season. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between climate variables and AMF richness and diversity for epiphytic AMF communities, which suggests that the composition of AMF communities in epiphytic habitats appears to be largely determined by the availability and dispersion of fungal propagules from adjacent terrestrial habitats. E piphytism is a characteristic life form of humid and perhumid tropical forest, especially those at middle and higher elevations denominated montane cloud forest. In Mediterranean ecosystems, epiphytic vegetation is restricted to some mesic habitats in temperate regions where ferns, lichens, and bryophytes are common as epiphytes on the trunks of living trees. In semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems, characterized by low irregular annual rainfall and high temperatures (mild winter temperatures and hot summer), epiphytic plant species are practically absent. Actually, under these semiarid environmental conditions, only some species of palm trees can support epiphytes growing in their lower crown area, such as Phoenix canariensis (1), which is restricted to gardens, or Phoenix dactylifera (date palm), which is widely cultivated and frequently naturalized (2). In date palms the armpits of cut leafs form a good mechanical support place for epiphyte establishment and growth and also constitute an enabling environment for the accumulation of water and organic matter. Although several plant species can eventually be found as facultative epiphytes (epiphytes that can inhabit the canopy or ground interchangeably (3), the most common species and almost always present growing on date palm trunks is Sonchus tenerrimus L., a wi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Habitat and Climate Variables on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Community Distribution, as Revealed by a Case Study of Facultative Plant Epiphytism under Semiarid Conditions

Torrecillas

Torres

Alguacil

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Os estudos têm mostrado que a especifi cidade é variável entre as espécies de orquídea, de forma que orquídeas de um mesmo gênero podem associarse a uma maior gama de fungos e outras com menor gama (Taylor & Bruns 1999;Sheff erson et al 2007). Para isso se faz necessário identifi car os fungos capazes de estabelecer associação com a espécie no campo e então selecionar aqueles que podem ser utilizados na propagação simbiótica dessa orquídea.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT(Seed germination and protocorm development of Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) in association with Epulorhiza mycorrhizal fungi). In nature, species of Orchidaceae are always associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Th e comprehension of fungal-plant specifi city in this association can assist with the establishment of programs that focus on symbiotic propagation of orchids. Epulorhiza mycorrhizal fungi have frequently been isolated from Epidendrum secundum Jacq. Th us, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of E. secundum seeds and protocorm development associated with diff erent isolates of Epulorhiza spp. Sixteen Epulorhiza fungi obtained from diff erent E. secundum populations were used. Aft er 44 days, all isolates promoted seed germination of this species. However, differences were observed in the effi ciency in promoting seed germination and protocorm development, even among the isolates that had morphological similarities. Th e highest stage of protocorm development and the highest growth indexes were obtained in the presence of isolate M65. Th e results suggest that seed germination and protocorm development of E. secundum depend on the mycorrhizal fungi and, despite the high frequency of association between this plant and Epulorhiza, it is important to select isolates with high effi ciency to establish symbiosis. Effi cient isolates are useful for the production of seedlings that have economic and ornamental importance, as well as for endangered orchids.

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“…In recent years, the application of modern molecular approaches has increased greatly the facility for identifying the mycobionts. From the beginning of 2000, a large number of orchid mycorrhizal has been identified directly from orchid roots, tubers and rhizomes through molecular biology techniques (SHEFFERSON et al 2007, STOCKINGER et al 2010, JACQUEMYN et al 2011a). The main widespread molecular markers used to identify orchid mycobionts are the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA using primer sets (WHITE et al 1990, TAYLOR andMCCORMICK 2008) for PCR amplification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi in two closely related hybridizing orchid species

Bellusci

Pellegrino

2014

Acta Botanica Croatica

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-The nuclear ribosomal DNA was used to identify the orchid mycorrhizal fungi found in roots of Orchis xbivonae and its parental species Orchis anthropophora and Orchis italica. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and identified using the expanded database. We determined that closely related Tulasnellaceae are mycorrhizal in the three orchid taxa, suggesting that the mycorrhizal partner does not impair hybrid survival. This study demonstrates that O. xbivonae displays few differences in comparison with its two parental species in identity of its associated mycorrhizal fungi, it is a short--term by-product of the hybridizing behavior of common pollinators, and thus it will not easily origin descendents with potential new genetic combinations and/or ecological preferences.

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The Evolutionary History of Mycorrhizal Specificity Among Lady's Slipper Orchids

Cited by 128 publications

References 62 publications

Influence of Habitat and Climate Variables on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Community Distribution, as Revealed by a Case Study of Facultative Plant Epiphytism under Semiarid Conditions

Influence of Habitat and Climate Variables on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Community Distribution, as Revealed by a Case Study of Facultative Plant Epiphytism under Semiarid Conditions

Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza

Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi in two closely related hybridizing orchid species

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