The Evolutionary Genomics of Host Specificity in Staphylococcus aureus

Matuszewska, Marta; Murray, Gemma G. R.; Harrison, Ewan M.; Holmes, Mark A.; Weinert, Lucy A.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.007

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…S. aureus is a notorious multi-host pathogen. Apart from humans, it has been successfully isolated all over the world from a variety of companion, farm, and wild animals, which has recently been reviewed thoroughly [ 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Even laboratory animals, such as mice and rats, are sometimes “naturally” colonized or infected with S. aureus in their breeding facilities [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: S Aureus ’ Extended Host Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such strains are occasionally referred to as extended-host-spectrum genotypes (EHSG), emphasizing their apparent lack of specific host tropism and their ability to colonize/infect several species [ 38 ]. In contrast, lineages such as CC121, CC385, and CC522 seem to possess a much narrower host spectrum and are found in either one or very few species [ 23 , 25 ]. Such occasional findings of S. aureus in few animals might reflect either (i) the presence of highly host-adapted, specialist S. aureus strains; (ii) a “sampling bias”, where additional reservoirs still remain to be investigated; or (iii) spillover events.…”

Section: S Aureus ’ Extended Host Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, adaptation to a new host occurs through adaptive evolution and is marked by genomic decay, genomic rearrangements, and gene acquisition as typical genomic signatures [ 44 ]. Concerning the adaptation of S. aureus lineages to different animal hosts, many research groups have successfully identified these signatures, for instance in the form of point mutations in all parts of the S. aureus genome, acquisition or loss of MGE via horizontal gene transfer or pseudogenes, as has recently been reviewed by Matuszewska et al and Haag et al [ 25 , 27 ]. Briefly, typical findings are (i) the loss or inactivation of human-specific virulence factors such as the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which is highly prevalent in human isolates; (ii) the acquisition of virulence genes that act highly host-specific, e.g., a modified vwb in bovine isolates that allows the coagulation of ruminant plasma; and (iii) modification of resistance patterns via MGE-acquired genes or mutation with respect to the host environment.…”

Section: Host Adaptation Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conclusion, it is safe to assume that S. aureus as a species is a generalist bacterium, as reflected by its broad host range and lineages belonging to the EHSG. Nevertheless, some lineages act as specialists, showing strong host tropism and an adapted phenotype [ 25 ].…”

Section: Host Adaptation Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models

Mrochen

Oliveira

Raafat

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathobiont of humans as well as a multitude of animal species. The high prevalence of multi-resistant and more virulent strains of S. aureus necessitates the development of new prevention and treatment strategies for S. aureus infection. Major advances towards understanding the pathogenesis of S. aureus diseases have been made using conventional mouse models, i.e., by infecting naïve laboratory mice with human-adapted S.aureus strains. However, the failure to transfer certain results obtained in these murine systems to humans highlights the limitations of such models. Indeed, numerous S. aureus vaccine candidates showed promising results in conventional mouse models but failed to offer protection in human clinical trials. These limitations arise not only from the widely discussed physiological differences between mice and humans, but also from the lack of attention that is paid to the specific interactions of S. aureus with its respective host. For instance, animal-derived S. aureus lineages show a high degree of host tropism and carry a repertoire of host-specific virulence and immune evasion factors. Mouse-adapted S.aureus strains, humanized mice, and microbiome-optimized mice are promising approaches to overcome these limitations and could improve transferability of animal experiments to human trials in the future.

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Section: S Aureus ’ Extended Host Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Aureus ’ Extended Host Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Adaptation Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Adaptation Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models

Mrochen

Oliveira

Raafat

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative aerobic Gram-positive bacterium that behaves as a commensal microorganism (up to 30% of the healthy human population carries S. aureus through nasal, skin and intestinal colonization) or as a pathogen causing wide range of infections in humans, wild and companion animals (Matuszewska et al 2020;Sivaraman et al 2009;Parlet et al 2019). The emergence of methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) clones that express numerous virulence factors including toxins and adhesins, increasing their toxicity and colonization capacities, is a major public health issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS-dependent innate immune mechanisms controlStaphylococcus aureusMRSA virulence in theDrosophilalarval model

Ramond

Jamet

Ding

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Antibiotics multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains constitute a major public health concern worldwide and are responsible of both healthcare- and community-associated infections. Here we have established a robust and simple S. aureus oral infection model, using Drosophila melanogaster larva, which allowed to follow S. aureus fate at the whole organism level as well as the host immune responses. Fluorescence microscopy and Light sheet 3D imaging revealed bacterial clustering at the posterior midgut that displays neutral pH. Our study demonstrates that S. aureus infection triggers host H2O2 production through Duox enzyme, consequently empowering antimicrobial peptides production through Toll pathway activation. We also show that catalase-mediated quenching of H2O2 not only enhances S. aureus survival but also minimizes host antimicrobial response, hence reducing bacterial clearance in vivo. Finally, we confirm the versatility of this model by demonstrating the colonization and host stimulation capacities of two other bacterial pathogens: Salmonella Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri. Overall, the drosophila larva may constitute a general model to follow in vivo host innate immune responses triggered upon infection with human pathogens.

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A Survey of Chinese Pig Farms and Human Healthcare Isolates Reveals Separate Human and Animal Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Populations

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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There has been increasing concern that the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming is contributing to the burden of antimicrobial resistance in people. Farmed animals inEurope and North America, particularly pigs, provide a reservoir for livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA ST398 lineage) found in people. This study is designed to investigate the contribution of MRSA from Chinese pig farms to human infection. A collection of 483 MRSA are isolated from 55 farms and 4 hospitals in central China, a high pig farming density area. CC9 MRSA accounts for 97.2% of all farm isolates, but is not present in hospital isolates. ST398 isolates are found on farms and hospitals, but none of them formed part of the "LA-MRSA ST398 lineage" present in Europe and North America. The hospital ST398 MRSA isolate form a clade that is clearly separate from the farm ST398 isolates. Despite the presence of high levels of MRSA found on Chinese pig farms, the authors find no evidence of them spilling over to the human population. Nevertheless, the ST398 MRSA obtained from hospitals appear to be part of a widely distributed lineage in China. The new animal-adapted ST398 lineage that has emerged in China is of concern.

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The Evolutionary Genomics of Host Specificity in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 87 publications

References 100 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models

Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models

ROS-dependent innate immune mechanisms controlStaphylococcus aureusMRSA virulence in theDrosophilalarval model

A Survey of Chinese Pig Farms and Human Healthcare Isolates Reveals Separate Human and Animal Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Populations

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