The Evolution of Resistance to Pesticides

Georghiou, George P.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.03.110172.001025

Cited by 354 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The selection exercised by insecticides and the capacity of dispersion of a species are important information for the adoption of resistance management strategies (Georghiou 1972, Scott et al 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spread of phosphine resistance among brazilian populations of three species of stored product insects

Pimentel¹,

Faroni²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

112

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-The resistance to fumigant insecticides in stored-products insects is often recorded. Several factors influence the evolution of insecticide resistance. Among these, the frequency of applications and the migration of resistant populations are of primary importance for the stored-product insects. The aim of this study was to characterize the spectrum and investigate the status of phosphine resistance in Brazil, in 13 populations of the coleoptera Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Tenebrionidae), ten populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabr.) (Bostrichidae), and eight populations of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Silvanidae). The pattern of resistance dispersion in the populations of these species was also verified. The bioassays for the detection of phosphine resistance followed the FAO standard method. To test the influence of migration in the evolution of the phosphine resistance, the difference of mortality in the discriminating concentration and the geographical distance among each pair wise combination of collection sites were correlated. None of the populations exhibited mortality above 90% in the discriminating concentration, for the three species. Mortality in the discriminating concentration increased with the geographical distance for R. dominica and O. surinamensis. However, no significant linear response was observed among the variables for T. castaneum populations. These results suggest that the dispersion of insects and the local selection are relevant in the evolution of the phosphine resistance in populations of R. dominica and O. surinamensis. In contrast, grain trade and local selection are probably the factors that determine the evolution of the phosphine resistance in populations of T. castaneum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors influence the evolution of the resistance to insecticides (Georghiou 1972, Roush & Daly 1990, Mallet 1993, Hoy et al 1998. Among these, the frequency of insecticide applications and migration of resistant populations are of primary importance for the stored-product insects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of phosphine resistance among brazilian populations of three species of stored product insects

Pimentel¹,

Faroni²,

Silva³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

112

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“…Theory suggests that selection within a continuous phenotypic distribution, such as a small laboratory population, favors selection of a polygenic response whereas selection for phenotypes outside of the original phenotypic range, such as selection of a field population with an insecticide, favors a monogenic response involving a rare variant (Georghiou 1972;Roush and McKenzie 1987;ffrench-Constant et al 1990). Thus, although the intensity and pattern of selection may be similar in the field and the laboratory (Groeters and Tabashnik 2000), only the heterogeneous nature of field populations allows for the selection of the rare variants that correspond to resistance alleles likely to trigger control failure.…”

Section: Laboratory Vs Field Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Genetics of Insecticide Resistance

2013

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The past 60 years have seen a revolution in our understanding of the molecular genetics of insecticide resistance. While at first the field was split by arguments about the relative importance of mono-vs. polygenic resistance and field-vs. laboratory-based selection, the application of molecular cloning to insecticide targets and to the metabolic enzymes that degrade insecticides before they reach those targets has brought out an exponential growth in our understanding of the mutations involved. Molecular analysis has confirmed the relative importance of single major genes in target-site resistance and has also revealed some interesting surprises about the multi-gene families, such as cytochrome P450s, involved in metabolic resistance. Identification of the mutations involved in resistance has also led to parallel advances in our understanding of the enzymes and receptors involved, often with implications for the role of these receptors in humans. This Review seeks to provide an historical perspective on the impact of molecular biology on our understanding of resistance and to begin to look forward to the likely impact of rapid advances in both sequencing and genome-wide association analysis."Curiouser and curiouser!" cried Alice.Lewis Carroll L ewis Carroll sent Alice down a rabbit hole without the least idea of what was to happen next, but as Alice ventured deeper into Wonderland things became "Curiouser and curiouser!" So indeed have studies on the molecular basis of insecticide resistance. While starting with rather simplistic expectations about the role of single mutations in single genes, resistance has been shown to involve a panoply of multiple mutations in multiple genes, often with independent and complex origins. This review will attempt to place these current findings into context and to examine the extent to which the field has often been historically blindsided by dogma. My arguments will encompass key controversies debated in the field such as the relative importance of mono-vs. polygenic resistance and the implications of resistance-associated mutations for whole-organism fitness in the absence of pesticide. Importantly, we will also examine the role of dogma in shaping the way that resistance research has been pursued over the past 50 years. Key questions addressed are therefore: How many mutations per gene cause resistance? How many mechanisms are there per species (genome)? How many independent genetic origins (mutations) give rise to each mechanism? What new mechanisms are still undiscovered and how might they arise? Monogenic vs. Polygenic ResistanceCrow, DDT, and DrosophilaThe humble fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a key tool in unlocking the molecular basis of insecticide resistance, and early studies by James Crow and others have helped to establish Drosophila as a genetic model for resistance studies. Studies of DDT resistance in Drosophila have also typified arguments surrounding mono-vs. polygenic inheritance of insecticide resistance. In his pioneering review of in...

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“…Uma das aspectos fundamentais para a implementação de estratégias de manejo da resistência é conhecer a dinâmica da resistência em condições de campo; isto é, desenvolver estudos que avaliem as mudanças na freqüência de resistência no decorrer do tempo (Georghiou 1972, Dennehy et al 1990, Omoto et al 1995. Em situações em que a resistência é instável, isto é, quando sua freqüência se reduz signifi cativamente na ausência de pressão de seleção, a instabilidade pode ser explorada em programas de manejo da resistência.…”

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Estabilidade da resistência de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) a hexythiazox em pomares de citros

Campos¹,

Omoto²

2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-The false spider mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), is one the most important pests of the citrus groves and transmits the citrus leprosis virus. The acaricide hexythiazox has been widely used for controlling B. phoenicis in citrus groves. The resistance of this species to hexythiazox has already been detected at high frequencies at some locations. In order to implement a resistance management program, studies were undertaken to understand the stability of the resistance of B. phoenicis to hexythiazox by 1) comparing the life-history of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) strains plots with low (< 20%) and high (> 60%) frequency of resistance, during two years. The frequencies of resistance were estimated with direct contact bioassays on eggs with discriminating concentration of on biological parameters evaluated to build fertility life tables. However, the resistance of B. phoenicis high frequency of resistance. Therefore, the instability of B. phoenicis resistance to hexythiazox can be exploited in resistance management programs.RESUMO -O ácaro-da-leprose, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), é uma das principais pragas da cultura dos citros (Citrus spp.), por ser o transmissor do vírus que causa a leprose dos citros. O acaricida hexythiazox tem sido bastante utilizado no controle de B. phoenicis em pomares de citros. A resistência do ácaro a hexythiazox já foi detectada em altas freqüências em algumas localidades. Para a implementação de um programa de manejo da resistência, foram realizados estudos para entender a estabilidade da resistência de B. phoenicis a hexythiazox mediante 1) a comparação da biologia das linhagens suscetível (S) e resistente (R) ao hexythiazox em condições de laboratório e 2) a avaliação da dinâmica da resistência a hexythiazox em talhões de citros com baixa (< 20%) e alta (> 60%) freqüência de resistência, por dois anos. Estimativas da freqüência de resistência foram realizadas com bioensaio de contato direto sobre ovos, utilizando-se a concentração discriminatória de 18 mg quanto aos parâmetros biológicos avaliados para a confecção das tabelas de vida de fertilidade. No entanto, a resistência de B. phoenicis a hexythiazox foi instável em condições de campo, isto é, foram tanto em talhões de citros com baixa freqüência como em talhões com alta freqüência de resistência. Portanto, a instabilidade da resistência de B. phoenicis a hexythiazox pode ser explorada em programas de manejo da resistência.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ácaro-da-leprose, custo adaptativo, manejo da resistência, Citrus O ácaro-da-leprose Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) é uma das principais pragas da cultura dos citros, por ser o transmissor do vírus que causa a leprose dos citros (Kitajima et al. 1972). O controle químico tem sido a principal tática para o manejo desse ácaro, sendo realizadas duas a três pulverizações de acaricidas por ano (Gravena 1994). Dada a alta pressão de seleção com acaricidas, a resistência de B. phoenicis já foi documentada para diversos acaricidas,

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The Evolution of Resistance to Pesticides

Cited by 354 publications

References 16 publications

Spread of phosphine resistance among brazilian populations of three species of stored product insects

Spread of phosphine resistance among brazilian populations of three species of stored product insects

The Molecular Genetics of Insecticide Resistance

Estabilidade da resistência de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) a hexythiazox em pomares de citros

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