The evolution of methodological approaches to the psychological analysis of the crew communications with Mission Control Center

Gushin, Vadim; Yusupova, Anna; Shved, D.М.; Shueva, Lilia V.; Vinokhodova, A. G.; Bubeev, Yuri

doi:10.1016/j.reach.2016.05.001

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the SIRIUS experiments, we used the traditional method of content analysis of crew communication with the MCC applied for inflight and ground experiments in the IBMP ( Gushin et al, 2016 ). The content analysis method transforms the content of communication to a limited reproducible set of quantitatively measurable categories amenable to computer processing based on the clear coding rules ( Krippendorf, 1980 ; Neuendorf, 2019 ; Yusupova et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Communication of Autonomous Crews Under Simulation of Interplanetary Missions

et al. 2021

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Two experiments, with 17-day and 120-day isolation, were carried out within the frame of the Scientific International Research in Unique Terrestrial Station (SIRIUS) international project at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow, Russia). Manifestations of the “detachment” phenomenon in the crew – mission control center (MCC) communication previously identified in the Mars-500 project were confirmed in this study. As in the Mars-500 experiment, in the SIRIUS-19, the landing simulation in the halfway of isolation caused a temporary increase of crew communication with MCC. We also revealed several differences in the communication styles of male and female crew members. By the end of the experiment, there was a convergence of communication styles of all the SIRIUS crew members and also an increase in crew cohesion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Communication of Autonomous Crews Under Simulation of Interplanetary Missions

et al. 2021

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“…Communication between space crews and MC is thought to provide information about the crew's psychological health and the crew's psychological climate. Analysis of a space crew's communication with MC is the standard operating procedure of the psychological support group in Russian MC and is used to examine crews' emotional status and the communicators' coping strategies (Gushin et al, 2012, 2016). Among other things, research by Gushin et al, 1997, 2012 indicated that crews decreased the scope and content of their communication to outside personnel over time—a phenomenon called psychological closing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Know About Team Dynamics for Long-Distance Space Missions: A Systematic Review of Analog Research

2019

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Background: To anticipate the dynamics of future long-distance space exploration mission (LDSEM) teams, research is conducted in analog environments (e.g., Antarctic expeditions, space chamber simulations), or environments that share key contextual features of LDSEM such as isolation and confinement. We conducted a systematic review of research conducted on teams in LDSEM-analog environments to identify which factors have been examined with quantitative research, and to summarize what the studies reveal about team dynamics in LDSEM-analog environments. Methods: We used a comprehensive search strategy to identify research on teams that lived and worked together. Data on team dynamics were extracted where possible, and sources were coded for key contextual features. The data did not lend themselves to traditional meta-analysis. We used two approaches to summarize the data: a weighted averages approach when the study reported enough data to calculate an effect size, and descriptive figures when data across studies were directly comparable. Results: Seventy-two sources met our inclusion criteria, yielding 253 effect sizes and 1,150 data points. Results from our weighted averages approach suggested that the team cohesion and performance relationship may be operating differently in isolated and confined environments than other teams that lived and worked together (e.g., military teams), and that, given the available data, we can say very little about the magnitude and direction of the relationship. Our descriptive figures revealed important trends: (a) team members in longer missions generally spent less social time together than shorter missions; (b) consistent team efficiency over time was typical, whereas decreased team efficiency over time was atypical; (c) by 40% of mission completion or 90 days, all teams reported at least one conflict, (d) commanders' written communication with mission control decreased in length over time, and (e) team mood dynamics did not consistently support the third-quarter phenomenon. Conclusions: There are inherent limitations to our study, given the nature of the analog research (e.g., correlational studies, small sample size). Even so, our systematic review provides key insights into team dynamics in LDSEM-analog environments. We discuss the implications of our research for managing future space crews. Importantly, we also provide guidance for future research.

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“…In the 1990s, under the tutelage of the European Space Agency, a 30-day experiment with a six-member crew, Isolation Study for European Manned Space Infrastructure (ISEMSI-90), was carried out [28], as well as a 60-day experiment with a four-member crew, Experimental Campaign for the European Manned Space Infrastructure (EXEMSI-92) [29]. To capture the relationship dynamics, the Systematic Multiple Level Observation of Groups (SYMLOG) method [30,31] was utilized, for example, as well as an analysis of spatial behavior [32,33] and an analysis of the communication with the control center [34,35]. During a summary of the EXEMSI experiment's results [36], it was noted that while no conflicts occurred within the team, this came at the expense of suppressing affection and a more rigid functioning of the team.…”

Section: Deepening Of the Research On Psychosocial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Aspects of a Flight to Mars

Bahbouh¹

2020

Mars Exploration - A Step Forward

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The first experiments modeling peoples' behavior during a long-term cosmic flight revealed the need for a more systematic monitoring of the development of the crew's mutual relationships, particularly in terms of collaboration and work-related communication. For this reason, in order to examine team dynamics, the sociomapping method was developed, which was first used in the HUBES 94 and ECOPSY 95 experiments. This method allows for an analysis and visualization of the continuous changes in communication and collaboration, including decreases in their quality and quantity. Sociomapping was used to monitor and analyze the communication and collaboration in simulations of flights to Mars in the Mars-105 and Mars-500 experiments. Based on the aforementioned experiments, it can be noted that statistically significant and nonrandom declines of the quantity and quality of team communication may occur during long-term missions, which may be related to changes in the team's performance. These changes are influenced by exterior stress factors, as well as cultural and linguistic differences and the length of the flight itself. In this chapter, the main findings of the experiment, as well as the resulting recommendations for a successful management of the psychological aspects of a flight to Mars, will be summarized.

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The evolution of methodological approaches to the psychological analysis of the crew communications with Mission Control Center

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

External Communication of Autonomous Crews Under Simulation of Interplanetary Missions

External Communication of Autonomous Crews Under Simulation of Interplanetary Missions

What We Know About Team Dynamics for Long-Distance Space Missions: A Systematic Review of Analog Research

Psychosocial Aspects of a Flight to Mars

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