The Evolution of Life Histories

Dingle, Hugh

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74474-7_9

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the reaction norms of these genotypes crossed (sensu Stearns 1989), meaning that genotypic selection for egg size and number will depend crucially on food availability. This example can be added to the still small collection of studies demonstrating that life history traits can have strong genotype-environment interactions (references in Dingle 1990). However, although Stearns (1989) claimed that genetic correlations are likely to reverse sign when reaction norms cross, this was not true here; at both food levels there were negative interclonal relationships between egg size and number (Fig.…”

Section: Genotypic (Clonal) Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Food, Genotype, and Maternal Size and Age on Offspring Investment in Daphnia Magna

Glazier¹

1992

Ecology

206

191

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This laboratory study of Daphnia magna had two major aims: (1) to examine the effect of food quantity on offspring size and number and how this effect varies with genotype and maternal size, age, and metabolic demand; and (2) to examine the relationship of investment per offspring to total reproductive investment. Differences in the response of offspring size to food quantity between the two clones in this study and between Daphnia studies in the literature are explained by nonlinear model that explicitly considers the effect of food quantity relative to the metabolic demands of the mother. According to this model, offspring size covaries positively with food quantity/maternal demand at very low food levels because of reproductive constraints, but it covaries negatively with food quantity/maternal demand at middle food levels as an adaptive response, and it remains constant at very high food levels because of a lower limit on viable offspring size. Effects of genotype (clone) and ration level on trade—offs between egg size and number and on the maternal size—dependence of egg mass, brood mass, and brood size are described. Strong genotype—environment interactions are evident for egg size and number. Trade—offs between egg size and number are seen at high low ration levels, but only in second (or third) to sixth broods, and not in first broods, which had relatively high variation in total mass. Results of this study that contradict predictions or assumptions of optimal offspring investment theory include: (1) at both ration levels both egg size and number were strongly positively correlated with brood mass, independently of maternal mass, (2) although, at low ration, variability of brood mass usually exceeded the variability of egg mass, as expected, the opposite was true at high ration, and (3) the interclonal difference in offspring size was not correlated with survival ability under starvation. Offspring size covaried positively with maternal size and age, partly independently of culture conditions. This relationship is explained as the result of selection in growing parthenogenetic populations for increased fecundity in young small females, which are constrained to produce relatively small eggs because of spatial limitations of the brood pouch.

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Section: Genotypic (Clonal) Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Food, Genotype, and Maternal Size and Age on Offspring Investment in Daphnia Magna

Glazier¹

1992

Ecology

206

191

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“…Intensive harvesting has caused pronounced shifts in growth rate, reproductive timing, and even genomic shifts in many commercially valuable stocks ( Allendorf and Hard, 2009 ; Baskett and Barnett, 2015 ; Eikeset et al., 2016 ; Heino et al., 2015 ; Therkildsen et al., 2019 ). These observations and many others could be explained by the life-history theory, which argues that when organisms experience environmental conditions that can reduce their long-term reproductive success, they increase their present reproductive output through phenotypic plasticity ( Dingle, 1990 ; Fox et al., 2019 ; Hirshfield and Tinkle, 1975 ; Kavanagh and Kahl, 2016 ; Neil and Ford, 1989 ). However, the molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying this adaptive response have not been fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Decoding for Glutamate Modulating Egg Laying Oppositely in Caenorhabditis elegans under Varied Environmental Conditions

Wen

Chen

et al. 2020

iScience

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Summary Animals' ability to sense environmental cues and to integrate this information to control fecundity is vital for continuing the species lineage. In this study, we observed that the sensory neurons Amphid neuron (ASHs and ADLs) differentially regulate egg-laying behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans under varied environmental conditions via distinct neuronal circuits. Under standard culture conditions, ASHs tonically release a small amount of glutamate and inhibit Hermaphrodite specific motor neuron (HSN) activities and egg laying via a highly sensitive Glutamate receptor (GLR)-5 receptor. In contrast, under Cu 2+ stimulation, ASHs and ADLs may release a large amount of glutamate and inhibit Amphid interneuron (AIA) interneurons via low-sensitivity Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GLC)-3 receptor, thus removing the inhibitory roles of AIAs on HSN activity and egg laying. However, directly measuring the amount of glutamate released by sensory neurons under different conditions and assaying the binding kinetics of receptors with the neurotransmitter are still required to support this study directly.

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“…Survival and reproduction, the pillars of fitness along with other life history traits, can be directly translated to demographic properties of a population [19,20,21]. Designed for fundamental ecological research [22], these parameters are frequently used in assessing pest potential to invade other host plants [23,24,25,26] or plant varieties [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Acanthoscelides obtectus to Adapt to New Hosts Seen in Laboratory Selection Experiments

Savković

Đorđević

Stojković

2019

Insects

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Effective pest management strategies for a targeted pest species must rely on accurate, reliable and reproducible estimates of population dynamics. Importance of such approaches is even more conspicuous when assessing pest’s potential to utilize other stored products. Using an experimental evolution approach, we have focused our attention on a common bean pest, the seed beetle (Acanthoscelides obtectus). We looked into the potential to invade and sustain population growth on two suboptimal host plants (chickpeas and mung beans). Such an approach simulates steps of the host-shift process in storages. By analyzing population dynamics during initial encountering with a new host plant, we detected a population drop for both novel hosts. However, transgenerational development in a novel environment resulted in a constant population growth in chickpeas, but not in mung bean populations. Reversal of chickpea selected populations to original host plant has led to a severe decrease in population parameters due to low viability of immatures, while the opposite trend was detected in mung bean populations. This paper highlights the importance of good practice in estimating population dynamics for economically important species. With special emphasis on storage pest species, we discuss how this approach can be useful for estimating invading potential of pest insects.

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The Evolution of Life Histories

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Food, Genotype, and Maternal Size and Age on Offspring Investment in Daphnia Magna

Effects of Food, Genotype, and Maternal Size and Age on Offspring Investment in Daphnia Magna

Signal Decoding for Glutamate Modulating Egg Laying Oppositely in Caenorhabditis elegans under Varied Environmental Conditions

Potential for Acanthoscelides obtectus to Adapt to New Hosts Seen in Laboratory Selection Experiments

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