The Evolution of Dispersal in Spatially and Temporally Varying Environments

McPeek, Mark A.; Holt, Robert D.

doi:10.1086/285453

Cited by 707 publications

(745 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…On the contrary, a large variability in carrying capacity in space, will select for more resident individuals, because then dispersal would on the average cause an individual to reach an environment worse than the one it was born in (Gadgil 1971;Travis and Dytham 1999). However, if the individuals are able to select favourable targets for their movements, some dispersal is selected for even in a temporally constant and spatially varying habitat (McPeek and Holt 1992). O. eremita is a specialized species, strictly associated with tree hollows.…”

Section: Dispersal Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

2001

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The dispersal of an endangered beetle, Osmoderma eremita, that lives in tree hollows, was studied by mark-release-recapture with pitfall traps. As only a small proportion of all dispersals is observed by this method, a simulation model was constructed to estimate the dispersal rate per individual. The model results suggest that 15% of the adults leave the original tree for another hollow tree, and consequently most individuals remain in the same tree throughout their entire life. This suggests that each hollow tree sustains a local population with limited connection with the populations in surrounding trees. It supports the view that O. eremita has a metapopulation structure, with each tree possibly sustaining a local population, and with the population in an assemblage of trees forming a metapopulation. Low dispersal rate and range make the species vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, probably at a scale of only a few hundred meters.

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Section: Dispersal Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

2001

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“…Theoretical studies on the evolution of dispersal revealed that it is selected against by intrinsic costs and stable environmental heterogeneity (Holt 1985;Doebeli & Ruxton 1997, 1998Parvinen 1999;Mathias et al 2001), while it is favoured by kin selection (Hamilton & May 1977;Perrin & Lehman 2001;Lehman & Perrin 2002), inbreeding depression (Chesser & Ryman 1986;Perrin & Mazalov 1999, 2000 and temporal variability in habitat quality (Van Valen 1971;McPeek & Holt 1992). Recently, Kisdi (2002) found that risk spreading in stochastic environments and adaptation to the permanent properties of local habitats interplay in the simultaneous evolution of dispersal and habitat specialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low propensity for aerial dispersal in specialist spiders from fragmented landscapes

Bonte

Vandenbroecke

Lens

et al. 2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

154

161

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Aerial dispersal by ballooning is a passive flight, by which wind drag generates an upward lift on a silk thread. It is likely to reflect an aerial lottery, in which the absence of flight direction control is a serious cost for long-distance dispersal in a fragmented landscape. For species occurring in one patchily distributed habitat type, dispersal should evolve in a different way from morphological traits, directly linked to active dispersal. Therefore, we expect that if the risk of landing in an unsuitable habitat is lower than the probability of reaching a suitable habitat, selection should benefit a well-developed ballooning behaviour. We investigated interspecific variation in the ballooning-initiating tiptoe behaviour as it is linked to spider dispersal performance. Our results indeed indicate that ballooning performance is negatively related to habitat specialization in spiders from patchy grey dunes, so habitat specialists are characterized by poorly developed dispersal behaviour. These findings are concordant with recent insights that dispersal is selected as risk spreading in generalists, while it is selected against in specialist species.

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“…Most theory on the evolution of dispersal itself has ignored plasticity (reviews in Johnson and Gaines, 1990;Payne et al, 2011), but an increasing number of models now compare conditional to unconditional strategies. Early models found that conditional strategies generally outcompete unconditional strategies (McPeek and Holt, 1992;Travis et al, 1999) but in some cases a mix of strategies could coexist (Johst and Brandl, 1997; see also Hazel et al, 2004). However, we are less interested here in the evolution of plasticity itself than in how dispersal and settlement plasticity influences evolution (following, Edelaar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Population Genetic Effects Of the Decision To Dispersementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The decision to disperse is often called unconditional when it is not plastic and conditional when it is (following McPeek and Holt, 1992). In unconditional dispersal a fixed proportion of individuals disperse each generation, whereas with conditional dispersal this proportion depends on environmental conditions (reviewed in Bowler and Benton, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dispersal plasticity on population divergence and speciation

Arendt

2015

Heredity

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Phenotypic plasticity is thought to have a role in driving population establishment, local adaptation and speciation. However, dispersal plasticity has been underappreciated in this literature. Plasticity in the decision to disperse is taxonomically widespread and I provide examples for insects, molluscs, polychaetes, vertebrates and flowering plants. Theoretical work is limited but indicates an interaction between dispersal distance and plasticity in the decision to disperse. When dispersal is confined to adjacent patches, dispersal plasticity may enhance local adaptation over unconditional (non-plastic) dispersal. However, when dispersal distances are greater, plasticity in dispersal decisions strongly reduces the potential for local adaptation and population divergence. Upon dispersal, settlement may be random, biased but genetically determined, or biased but plastically determined. Theory shows that biased settlement of either type increases population divergence over random settlement. One model suggests that plasticity further enhances chances of speciation. However, there are many strategies for deciding on where to settle such as a best-of-N strategy, sequential sampling with a threshold for acceptance or matching with natal habitat. To date, these strategies do not seem to have been compared within a single model. Although we are just beginning to explore evolutionary effects of dispersal plasticity, it clearly has the potential to enhance as well as inhibit population divergence. Additional work should pay particular attention to dispersal distance and the strategy used to decide on where to settle.

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The Evolution of Dispersal in Spatially and Temporally Varying Environments

Cited by 707 publications

References 45 publications

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

The dispersal rate of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, living in tree hollows

Low propensity for aerial dispersal in specialist spiders from fragmented landscapes

Effects of dispersal plasticity on population divergence and speciation

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