Effects of dispersal plasticity on population divergence and speciation

Arendt, Jeff

doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.21

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The existence of significant G × E interactions would indicate that genetic variation underlies such plasticity, and the potential for selection to act on conditional dispersal (e.g. Venable, ; Gatehouse, , ; Imbert & Ronce, ; Riba et al, , reviewed in Zera & Brisson, ; Arendt, ).…”

Section: Empirical Evidence For the Genetic Basis Of Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of dispersal

et al. 2017

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Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences.Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent.By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.

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Section: Empirical Evidence For the Genetic Basis Of Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of dispersal

et al. 2017

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“…; Garant et al. ; Weeks and Claramunt ; Arendt ). Intuitively, high dispersal abilities should reduce genetic differentiation between populations (Belliure et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polygamy slows down population divergence in shorebirds

et al. 2017

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Sexual selection may act as a promotor of speciation since divergent mate choice and competition for mates can rapidly lead to reproductive isolation. Alternatively, sexual selection may also retard speciation since polygamous individuals can access additional mates by increased breeding dispersal. High breeding dispersal should hence increase gene flow and reduce diversification in polygamous species. Here, we test how polygamy predicts diversification in shorebirds using genetic differentiation and subspecies richness as proxies for population divergence. Examining microsatellite data from 79 populations in 10 plover species (Genus: Charadrius) we found that polygamous species display significantly less genetic structure and weaker isolation‐by‐distance effects than monogamous species. Consistent with this result, a comparative analysis including 136 shorebird species showed significantly fewer subspecies for polygamous than for monogamous species. By contrast, migratory behavior neither predicted genetic differentiation nor subspecies richness. Taken together, our results suggest that dispersal associated with polygamy may facilitate gene flow and limit population divergence. Therefore, intense sexual selection, as occurs in polygamous species, may act as a brake rather than an engine of speciation in shorebirds. We discuss alternative explanations for these results and call for further studies to understand the relationships between sexual selection, dispersal, and diversification.

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“…The juvenile distribution (if based on limited movement) could influence adult habitat preferences, promoting phenotypic variation through plastic responses best suited to the exploited environment (Arendt, 2015;Berner & Thibert-Plante, 2015;Camacho, Canal, & Potti, 2016), and could ultimately lead to genetic differentiation of phenotypes. Expression of phenotypic variation in lake trout generally occurs after an ontogenetic niche shift, at which point large fish display greater diversity in morphological characteristics than juveniles (Chavarie et al, 2013;Zimmerman et al, 2007Zimmerman et al, , 2009).…”

Section: Movement Among Depth Zones May Be Limited In Great Bearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat overlap of juvenile and adult lake trout of Great Bear Lake: Evidence for lack of a predation gradient?

Chavarie

Howland

Harris

et al. 2019

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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A range of organisms, from plankton to fish, commonly shift their habitat distributions horizontally or vertically due to predation risk. Juvenile lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, are generally viewed as occupying deep areas of lakes to decrease predation pressure from adults. In contrast, we found that juvenile lake trout from Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada, occupied a variety of habitats and from shallow to deep depths (0–150 m), overlapping with adult lake trout. No evidence occurred for a length depth‐based segregation (e.g., ontogenetic shift). Genetic variation was also similar among juveniles in the different depth zones. However, isotopic niches and C:N ratios among juveniles showed some variability in niche widths and positions for individuals caught from the 51–150 m zone compared to juvenile individuals caught from 0–20 m and 21–50 m zones. The uniformly distributed adult lake trout in Great Bear Lake may evenly distribute predation pressure (including cannibalism) across shallow‐ and deep‐water habitats more than in other lakes. As a result, juveniles may respond to differences in foraging opportunities rather than predation risks. Juvenile lake trout did not appear to conform to the general pattern of juveniles seeking a deep‐water refuge to reduce predation risks. In contrast, juvenile lake trout of Great Bear Lake displayed broad resource use across all depths and habitats.

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Effects of dispersal plasticity on population divergence and speciation

Cited by 29 publications

References 86 publications

Genetics of dispersal

Genetics of dispersal

Polygamy slows down population divergence in shorebirds

Habitat overlap of juvenile and adult lake trout of Great Bear Lake: Evidence for lack of a predation gradient?

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