The Evolution of an Inflammatory Response

Abstract

Background: The past 25 years have witnessed immense progress in our understanding of the systemic, tissue-specific, and cellular consequences of severe injury and infection. Despite such insights, considerable controversy remains regarding appropriate biologic and management interventions to prevent or ameliorate the associated adverse outcomes. Methods: A review of several scientific developments arising from studies initiated at Cornell University Medical College during the tenure of Dr. G. Tom Shires. The implications of those and subsequent studies are discussed. Results: An understanding of patient-specific variation and adaptability could direct individualized biologic and management interventions for severe injury and infection. Conclusion: Despite more detailed appreciation of the molecular mechanisms of danger and pathogen recognition and response biology, we have much to learn about the complexity of severe injury and infection. There is a great need to extend our investigation of these mechanisms to experimental and stress-modified clinical scenarios.

Continuous Enteral and Parenteral Feeding Each Reduces Heart Rate Variability But Differentially Influences Monocyte Gene Expression in Humans

“…Changes in autonomic activity, similar to those observed in the present study, have also been noted in stressed patients and have correlated to increased morbidity and mortality. (26–29)Hence, the current observations may be important to the influence of nutritional support technologies on organ systems that depend on rhythmic autonomic signals for optimal function,(30,31) as well as on the use of these technologies in the critically ill population.…”

Effect of TNF-α concentration on selected clinical parameters of swine after burns

“…The animals were fed a complete swine feed and received water ad libitum , but 24 h prior to the commencement of the experiment the animals received only drinking water. The timeline of the experiment was set for 84 h from the time of the burn (8, 20).…”

Hemostatic Soluble Plasma Proteins During Acute-Phase Response and Chronic Inflammation

“…For instance, shear stress can up-regulate cytokine-induced expression of t-PA, TGF-ß1, and ICAM-I genes at the transcriptional level (Kawai et al, 1996). These additional influences modify local or systemic inflammatory responses depending on the host phenotype (Lowry, 2009). …”