The evidence of phase separation in perovskite manganites aboveT c

Characterization of Ceramics by X‐Ray and Neutron Small‐Angle Scattering

“…SAS methods have characterized and quantified many of the defect morphologies that control the desired properties of structural and electronic ceramics and glasses 4,26–29,43–50,75,94,96–125 . These include perovskite materials of current interest for SOFC applications and for high‐ T C superconductors.…”

“…This kind of SAS measurement has a similar geometry to, but is quite distinct from, X-ray or neutron reflectivity studies of thin films and surface features. 67,95 Taking advantage of these developments, SAS studies of ceramic systems now represent a growing field with major research activities in areas that include: structural and electronic ceramics and glasses; [26][27][28][29][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]94, perovskites, high T C superconductors, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and H storage materials; 4,75,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] sintering, cavitation and damage effects; [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][40][41][42]86,[126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]…”

“…Taking advantage of these developments, SAS studies of ceramic systems now represent a growing field with major research activities in areas that include: structural and electronic ceramics and glasses; 26–29,43–50,94,96–116 perovskites, high T C superconductors, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and H storage materials; 4,75,117–125 sintering, cavitation and damage effects; 5–11,40–42,86,126–142 nanostructured and fractal solids and suspensions; 30,31,51,52,76,82–85,90,143–166 interfaces, membranes, thin films and coatings; 3,12–16,21–25,34,167–178 alloy/polymer/ceramic composites; 1,2,17–20,179–187 fine ceramics and archeology; 36 and cement and concrete science 188–215 . Unifying aspects that run through much of this work are the need to quantify the microstructure over many length scales, and to connect representative phenomena observed at micrometer and nanometer length‐scales.…”