Characterization of Ceramics by X‐Ray and Neutron Small‐Angle Scattering

Allen, Andrew J.

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00463.x

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(630 reference statements)

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“…Many microstructure models are now available [27], from use of the Guinier approximation for particulate systems to a full size distribution analysis of coherently ordered microstructures [18], or the characterization of fractal morphologies [4]. Generally, an inverse relationship exists between Q and scattering size.…”

Section: Analysis Of Sans Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of C–S–H gel and cement paste by small-angle neutron scattering

Allen¹,

Thomas

2007

Cement and Concrete Research

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113

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The role of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) in the characterization of cement is briefly reviewed. The unique information obtainable from SANS analysis of C-S-H gel in hydrating cement is compared with that obtainable by other neutron methods. Implications for the nature of C-S-H gel, as detected by SANS, are considered in relation to current models. Finally, the application of the SANS method to cement paste is demonstrated by analyzing the effects of calcium chloride acceleration and sucrose retardation on the resulting hydrated microstructure.

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Section: Analysis Of Sans Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of C–S–H gel and cement paste by small-angle neutron scattering

Allen¹,

Thomas

2007

Cement and Concrete Research

Self Cite

113

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“…The contrast variation is performed by varying the energy of the incident x-rays. ASAXS experiments can differentiate between various scattering components if the x-ray energy is varied close to the absorption edge of one of the system constituents [33]. As was explained in Sect.…”

Section: Contrast Variation With Liquids and Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Aspects of Planning and Conducting SAS Experiments

Melnichenko

2016

Small-Angle Scattering From Confined and Interfacial Fluids

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This chapter begins with tips on writing a successful beam time proposal followed by the guidelines on the optimization of the instrument configuration that allow maximizing output of the high quality experimental data. Methods of the instrument and sample background subtraction are described along with the choice of optimal sample thickness and other parameters that permit minimizing contribution of multiple scattering. Placing SAS data on absolute scale is important as a sensitive indicator of the applicability of the structural model chosen for the SAS data analysis. This can be achieved by using absolute standards or direct beam measurements. Accurate estimation of the effective thickness of powder samples is required for placing SAS data on absolute scale. Several methods of such estimation using different physical parameters are described along with the contrast variation methods using liquid solutions of protonated and deuterium substituted solvents and pressurized gases as contrast matching media. Applying for Beam TimeThe vast majority of neutron and photon sources operate as "user facilities" that provide access to neutron research instruments for researchers from industry, universities, and government agencies. These facilities are operated with different modes of access. At SNS and HFIR, access is available via a general user program. Calls for proposals are usually issued twice a year, and beam time is allocated on a competitive basis after a peer-review process in which proposals are reviewed for scientific merit. A fraction of total available beam time (~25 % at SNS and HFIR) is allocated for scientific research conducted by instrument personnel and for instrument and sample environment upgrades, etc. A limited amount of beam time might be provided via a "rapid access" route for conducting urgent experiments or feasibility measurements. There is no access charge for researchers whose results are made available to the scientific community by being published in the open scientific literature. A fraction of beam time may be used for confidential, proprietary research, which can be performed only under full cost recovery. Most user facilities have financial assistance programs covering travel, room and board, etc. to encourage new users to acquire their first experience in neutron and x-ray scattering.SAS instruments are in great demand and are usually oversubscribed by a factor of 2-3. Because of the strong competition for beam time, developing good proposal writing skills is essential. Some tips that might help first-time users obtain beam time follow.One of the most important factors is choosing the "right" facility for a particular SAS experiment, including the type of radiation (neutrons vs. x-rays), power (brilliance), and the availability of the relevant sample environment. The higher radiation flux provided by synchrotron sources permits better statistics to be obtained in a shorter time, which could be critical for studying weakly scattering samples or for experiments where it is necessary to ...

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“…SAS provides important contributions to research supporting advanced technological developments in various areas that include structural and electronic ceramics and glasses, pervoskites, high T C superconductors, fuel cells, sintering, cavitation and damage effects, alloy/ polymer/ceramic composites, archeology, as well as cement and concrete science. Detailed analysis of SAS applications in these areas is outside the scope of this book, and the interested reader is referred to reviews that summarize the contributions of USAS, SAS, and some other x-ray and neutron techniques in materials science [73,74].…”

Section: Ceramics Alloys and Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Porous Materials Using SAS

Melnichenko

2016

Small-Angle Scattering From Confined and Interfacial Fluids

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This chapter begins with an overview of various engineered and naturally occurring porous solids and their applications in modern technologies. Different modes of confinement, such as topological, chemical, biological, and interfacial, can affect structural and kinetic aspects of the fluid phase equilibria, mechanical and viscoelastic properties, diffusion, and flow in confined spaces. Such dramatic modification of the fluid properties under confinement can be efficiently exploited in a variety of technologies, provided there are ways of controlling the internal structures and surface chemistry of the target porous material at the macroscopic, mesoscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels. SAS represents a nonintrusive technique that can provide information on the structure of porous media that is inaccessible to other methods of structural characterization. The rest of the chapter is devoted to the description of SAS structural analysis of porous silicas, carbons, membranes, polymer monoliths, sedimentary rocks and other common materials.

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Characterization of Ceramics by X‐Ray and Neutron Small‐Angle Scattering

Cited by 78 publications

References 239 publications

Analysis of C–S–H gel and cement paste by small-angle neutron scattering

Analysis of C–S–H gel and cement paste by small-angle neutron scattering

Practical Aspects of Planning and Conducting SAS Experiments

Structural Characterization of Porous Materials Using SAS

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