The evidence for the role of transforming growth factor‐beta in the formation of abnormal scarring

Chalmers, Richard

doi:10.1111/j.1742-481x.2011.00771.x

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The increase or prolonged activity of TGF-b1 leads to an overproduction and excess deposition of collagen by fibroblasts that often result in hypertrophic scars. 128 In an adult rat incisional model, the addition of neutralizing antibody to reduce levels of TGFb1 and TGFb2 resulted in reduced collagen content, improved orientation of ECM in the wound, and less scarring compared with controls. 129 …”

Section: Transforming Growth Factor-bmentioning

confidence: 97%

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Xue

Jackson

2015

Advances in Wound Care

1,047

866

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Significance: When a cutaneous injury occurs, the wound heals via a dynamic series of physiological events, including coagulation, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The final stage can take many months, yet the new ECM forms a scar that never achieves the flexibility or strength of the original tissue. In certain circumstances, the normal scar is replaced by pathological fibrotic tissue, which results in hypertrophic or keloid scars. These scars cause significant morbidity through physical dysfunction and psychological stress. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: The cutaneous ECM comprises a complex assortment of proteins that was traditionally thought to simply provide structural integrity and scaffolding characteristics. However, recent findings show that the ECM has multiple functions, including, storage and delivery of growth factors and cytokines, tissue repair and various physiological functions. Abnormal ECM reconstruction during wound healing contributes to the formation of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Whereas adult wounds heal with scarring, the developing foetus has the ability to heal wounds in a scarless fashion by regenerating skin and restoring the normal ECM architecture, strength, and function. Recent studies show that the lack of inflammation in fetal wounds contributes to this perfect healing. Future Directions: Better understanding of the exact roles of ECM components in scarring will allow us to produce therapeutic agents to prevent hypertrophic and keloid scars. This review will focus on the components of the ECM and their role in both physiological and pathological (hypertrophic and keloid) cutaneous scar formation. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCEThis article reviews the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its remodeling during normal cutaneous wound healing and scar formation, and the differential response of the components of the ECM and their role in pathological (hypertrophic and keloid) cutaneous scar formation. This review focuses on the major players involved in the irregular ECM production as being; fibroblasts and their immature counterparts, myofibroblasts; collagens; transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, which controls the production of collagens; proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We also highlight the complexity of interactions occurring in the ECM of skin during (ab) normal scar formation. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEAbnormal ECM, particularly abnormal collagen remodeling and reorganization, accounts for one of the most important contributing factors to abnormal scarring. Identification of the exact ECM molecules involved in causing abnormal scarring is likely to provide a future treatment target. This may be achieved by promoting the correct balance in collagen ratios or by directly targeting the production of collagen. Overall, a better understanding of the exact roles of ECM components in scarring will help us to produce therapeutic agents to prevent and treat hypertrophic and keloid scars. CLINICAL RELEVANCEThere ...

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Section: Transforming Growth Factor-bmentioning

confidence: 97%

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Xue

Jackson

2015

Advances in Wound Care

1,047

866

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Subsequently, the dermis formed in the 45 presence of the PHBV loaded with ASCs possesses a more complex collagen structure. Additionally, an 46 anti-scarring effect was observed in the presence of the PHBV scaffold indicated by a down-regulation 47 of TGF-b1 and a-SMA together with an increase of TGF-b3, when associated with ASCs. These results indi- 48 cate that although PHBV scaffold was able to guide the wound healing process with reduced scarring, the 49 presence of ASCs was crucial to enhance vascularization and provide a better quality neo-skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Great attention has been 513 brought to the secretion of those cytokines during wound healing 514 since a direct correlation with scar formation has been confirmed 515[45]. Overexpression of TGF-b1 results in excessive fibroblast 516 migration and myofibroblast differentiation, and therefore on the 517 deposition of a highly organized ECM over-accumulation and scar 518 formation[46,47]. On the other side, TGF-b3 inhibits scarring by519 promoting normal collagen organization[41,48].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate structures loaded with adipose stem cells promote skin healing with reduced scarring

et al. 2015

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“…Moreover, after fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts, they also start to express α-SMA and acquire a contractile phenotype that promotes wound closure [34]. The lower expression of TGF-β1 resulted in less myofibroblast differentiation, as indicated by the lower expression of α-SMA in the GF + MSCs group (Fig.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…6). TGF-β1 promotes fibroblast migration, myofibroblast differentiation, and followed ECM over-accumulation and scar formation [33,34]. On the contrary, TGF-β3 inhibits scar formation by promoting normal collagen organization [30,35].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional graphene foams loaded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells promote skin wound healing with reduced scarring

Wang

Yang

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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The evidence for the role of transforming growth factor‐beta in the formation of abnormal scarring

Abstract: The complex biological and physiological mechanisms that result in poor quality scarring are still not fully understood. This review looks at current evidence of the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) in this pathological process.

Cited by 54 publications

References 49 publications

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Extracellular Matrix Reorganization During Wound Healing and Its Impact on Abnormal Scarring

Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate structures loaded with adipose stem cells promote skin healing with reduced scarring

Three-dimensional graphene foams loaded with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells promote skin wound healing with reduced scarring

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