The Evaluation of the SWAT Model Performance to Predict the Runoff Values in the Iraqi Western Desert

Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi; Mahmood, Nabeel S.; Kamel, Ammar Hatem; Al‐Ansari, Nadhir

doi:10.13189/eer.2021.090602

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Despite the low costs of this site due to the level of the area (185 meters), the number of pumps is limited in terms of number and pumping power, as the available water quantity reaches 1.7 million cubic meters/year with daily operating costs of 560 dollars/day. This scenario recorded total profits amounting to ($ 8,796,289) for the period 2021-2030, accompanied by operating costs amounting to ($2,226,500), including operating costs of the Horan Dam in addition to operating costs of the transmission line from the existing line for the period (2021-2030) as shown in Figure (7). The same applies to the third scenario, which included a proposal to use the transmission line near Hit with a length of (400 km) with a low level for this area, which at Hit reaches (65 meters), and therefore high operating costs of 950 dollars/day or 346,750 dollars/year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scenario records a net profit of ($7,372,789) for the period 2021-2030 due to the high operating costs due to the operating cost of the transmission line, reaching another total operating cost of $3,650,000. Whereas, despite the abundance of water supplied from the Hit region, which amounts to 3.285 million cubic meters/year, the high operational costs of the line were the main reason for the limited annual net profits, as shown in Figure (7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an increase in desertification in the Al Anbar Province in the west of Iraq over time, as the average annual rainfall in western Iraq is about 120 mm per year [7], [8]. Al-Anbar Province is characterized by the availability of sufficient water resources compared to the needs of users, but the distribution of these resources is not balanced with all the cities of the province, as the Euphrates River, which supplies the province with the bulk of its water needs, passes through most of its main cities, Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Allocation Model for Sustainable and Economic Water Sources in Rutba City West of Iraq

Sulaiman

Najm

Mhedi

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The water resources represented by rivers, lakes, and wells are of great importance in the growth and development of civilization by meeting the different needs of the population. Due to the climatic changes that take place in different regions of the world, in addition to the increasing population growth, it has become necessary to manage the various water resources in a way that achieves a balance between supply and demand, especially in dry areas that suffer from limited rainfall and high evaporation rates as a result of high temperatures. Iraq has surface water resources that are the main provider of agricultural, industrial, and domestic demand sites, in addition to a strategic store of groundwater that can be used during periods of water scarcity. In this study, the Water Assessment and Planning (WEAP) model was used to assess the current and future demand of the Rutba city in western Iraq for the period (2021 to 2030). The study showed a population increase of 20.9% for the period 2021-2030 which requires water amounting to (4.43) million cubic meters annually by 2030. Currently, water supply to the city is carried out from three different sources, which is through water withdrawal From the Euphrates River through the Qaim and Heet sites, as well as by withdrawing water from a group of wells from Dabaa aquifers east of the city and pumping it to the city of Rutba by pipes, which requires optimal management of the city’s water supply sources to meet the population’s need, especially in light of the high annual costs of the process of transferring the water supply to the city.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Allocation Model for Sustainable and Economic Water Sources in Rutba City West of Iraq

Sulaiman

Najm

Mhedi

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…For the present study, an 8 X 8 comparison matrix has been made, the relative importance parameters between thematic layers in the pair-wise comparison matrix are selected from Saaty's 1-9 ranking scale shown in Table 4. The final weights of the thematic maps are the average eigenvector values that are affiliated with the maximum eigenvalues of the normalized matrix [31,62]. For calculations, Gm is the geomorphology, Ge is the geology, Ld is the lineament density, Si is the soil infiltration, Rf is the rainfall, LULC is the land use and land cover, S is the slope, and Dd is the drainage density layers.…”

Section: Normalizing and Assigning Weights For The Thematic Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoinformatics-Based Approach for Aquifer Recharge Zone Identification in the Western Desert of Iraq

Mohammed

2023

GEOMATE

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Vast parts of the globe are facing a water scarcity problem owing to the increasing water demand of the growing population and urban expansion, and intensive agriculture and industrial activities. Arid and semiarid areas already suffer from a severe shortage of surface water supplies due to climatic conditions such as a temperature rise, evaporation rates, and diminution of rainfall amounts with discontinued intervals. Delineation of suitable sites for the groundwater potential recharging zones is one of the available solutions to recompense surface water shortages in the Al-Mohammedi basin in the Iraqi Western Desert. Recently, the utilization of modern geospatial techniques such as remote sensing (RS) data and geographic information system (GIS) in combination with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches has proven an efficient tool for groundwater demarcation. In this study, RS data, such as Landsat 8 images and SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM), published geological maps, and metrological data were used to generate eight thematic layers of criteria-geomorphology, geology, lineament, rainfall, soil infiltration, slope, land use and land cover, and drainage density. All thematic maps were generated and transformed into the raster format depending on the raster conversion tool in ArcGIS 10.8 software. The output map of groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) was generated by integrating all the thematic layers according to the weightage values generated depending on the Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP) approach. Finally, the prospective zones were examined and validated with present yield wells data. Twenty-two out of twenty-eight validation boreholes (76.87%) matched the predicted classes of the yield boreholes, and the cross-correlation value certified this result as R 2 = 0.67.

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“…The dam site is within the coordinates 35.15669 N and 43.43402 E, as shown in Figure 1. The dam is a multi-purpose dam that it will be used for flood control within Tigris River basin, irrigation management, and electricity-generating [21][22][23]. The details of the dam geometry and the hydraulic properties are presented in Table 1 [24].…”

Section: Study Area and Data Collectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Slope Stability and Soil Liquefaction of Zoned Earth Dams Using Numerical Modeling

Mahmood¹,

Aude²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2022

IJDNE

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The design of dams requires comprehensive studies to ensure the safety and feasibility of these important engineering projects, as any possible failure case may lead to considerable losses in human life and properties. Specifically, analyses should be performed to evaluate seepage, slope stability, and soil liquefaction of large earth dams. In this study, numerical modeling, based on finite element methods, was used to analyze seepage, slope stability, and liquefaction of Makhoul Dam which is a large zoned dam, currently under construction on Tigris River in the north of Iraq. Earthquake shakings impose additional hysteric and short-term loads that may lead to dam failure due to high pore water pressure, piping, and soil liquefaction. Therefore, the dynamic stability of the dam and soil liquefaction were also evaluated, as a result of applying an earthquake shaking to the dam. For the static condition, the dam was safe against internal erosion and slope failure, as the calculated value of the safety factor was greater than the allowable value. However, the results obtained from the dynamic analysis indicated that a possible earthquake, with an acceleration of 0.38g and 10 seconds period, led to upstream slope failure, a relative displacement as high as 2 meters at the dam crest, and soil liquefaction at the upstream slope. As discussed herein, dam redesign or geotextile reinforcement may be considered to reduce the effects of earthquakes on the dam.

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The Evaluation of the SWAT Model Performance to Predict the Runoff Values in the Iraqi Western Desert

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Optimal Allocation Model for Sustainable and Economic Water Sources in Rutba City West of Iraq

Optimal Allocation Model for Sustainable and Economic Water Sources in Rutba City West of Iraq

Geoinformatics-Based Approach for Aquifer Recharge Zone Identification in the Western Desert of Iraq

Analysis of Slope Stability and Soil Liquefaction of Zoned Earth Dams Using Numerical Modeling

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