The Evaluation of the Aflatoxin Presence in Foods

Yentür, Gülderen; Er, Buket

doi:10.5505/turkhijyen.2012.54154

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Relative humidity and heat are important parameters in the growth of aflatoxins. The dampness of a product, drying time, relative humidity in the environment, density of fungi or spores in the setting, and high temperatures are among the factors that have an effect on the production of aflatoxins (Yentür & Er, 2012). Researchers have pointed out in many studies that climate condition is an important variable that affects the presence of AFM 1 in breast milk (Altun et al, 2017;Bogalho et al, 2018;Cherkani-Hassani et al, 2016;Shuib et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Muslu

Özdemir

2020

Biological Research For Nursing

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Aflatoxins comprise a group of mycotoxins that are found in the environment. Exposure to aflatoxins has been reported to cause serious health problems in humans. Since aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is secreted in breast milk, the exposure of infants to this toxin is an important concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, levels of, and factors associated with the presence of AFM1 in breast milk of mothers in Fethiye, Turkey. Breast milk samples were taken from 100 mothers who had given birth over the period of October–November 2017. The AFM1 content of the samples was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lowest limit for milk samples in the Ridascreen® AFM1 commercial test kit is 5 ng/L. Because of this, AFM1 levels below 5 ng/L in the breast milk samples were assessed as negative. Of the breast milk samples tested, 53 were positive. The average AFM1 amount in the positive samples was 6.36 ng/L (ppt; range 5.10–8.31 ng/L). Mothers who were housewives, lived in damp, humid houses, or ate spices or dried fruits and vegetables had significantly greater prevalence of AFM1 in their breast milk than those who were employed, did not report dampness or mold in the home, or did not eat spices or dried fruits and vegetables. AFM1 in breast milk could be an important risk factor for infant health. Informing the public about food safety could reduce the amount of AFM1 being transferred into breast milk via food channels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Muslu

Özdemir

2020

Biological Research For Nursing

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“…Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungal species that may pose a risk to human life, and they can be carried by moulds or wind and air circulation and can endure drought and various other environmental conditions [1,2]. Mycotoxins have more varied chemical structures and biological activities compared to bacterial toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

Ağagündüz

Şahin

Yaşar

et al. 2023

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Peanuts, which are rich in nutrients, are used in many products and are often a primary ingredient of protein bars. However, when the necessary production and storage conditions are not met, mycotoxins, and particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is the most toxic and most common mycotoxin, may pose a great risk. This study was undertaken to indirectly examine the appropriateness of storage conditions for peanut protein bars sold at different supply points and to identify the presence of AFB1 in compliance with the relevant legal limitations. In February and March 2022, different varieties of peanut protein bars without added sugars were obtained from local markets and nonmarket store chains (places where sports products, cosmetic products, and protein bars are sold) in Ankara, Turkey. AFB1 contents were analysed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The limit imposed by the Turkish Food Codex regulation on contaminants is 5 ppb. While 38.3% of the samples were under that limit, 61.7% were above. No significant difference was found for the place of sale ( p = 0.542 and χ2 = 2.150), selling conditions ( p = 0.497 ), product ingredients, or remaining shelf-life ( p = 0.804 ) regarding the level of AFB1 in the samples. However, it was determined that samples with peanut percentages lower than 17.0% had higher amounts of AFB1 ( p < 0.001 ), and other available ingredients might affect the AFB1 content of peanut bars. It was concluded that most samples (n = 37.0, p < 0.001 , t = −8.607) posed a risk in terms of AFB1. Considering the shelf-life of such products and that peanuts can produce AFB1 during their shelf-life, it would be beneficial to monitor the frequency of supervision and prevent the sale of peanut bars with AFB1 contents higher than the limits.

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“…Until today, more than 400 different types of mycotoxins have been identified, and fumonisin, ochratoxin, aflatoxin, zeranol, trichothecenes and patulin are common and well-known mycotoxin types. Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin that threaten many agricultural products and cause toxic effects on human health 1 , 2 . Due to the high humidity and temperature in feeds, grains and dry foods, Aspergillus species proliferate rapidly and produce aflatoxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aflatoxins listed as aflatoxin B 1 > aflatoxin G 1 > aflatoxin B 2 > aflatoxin G 2 according to the strength of their toxic effects. The best defined and researched aflatoxin type until today is B 1 1 , 7 . In this study, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B 2 (AFB 2 ), about which we have less information among the aflatoxin species, were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 and the protective role of resveratrol in Swiss albino mice

Gündüz

Yalçın

Çavuşoğlu

2021

Sci Rep

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In this study, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) on Swiss albino mice and the protective effects of resveratrol were investigated. Physiological (body weight, liver and kidney weight), biochemical (aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine transaminase-ALT, blood urea nitrogen-BUN, creatinine, malondialdehyde-MDA and glutathione-GSH) and cytogenetic parameters (micronucleus-MN in buccal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and chromosomal aberrations-CAs) were used to determine the toxic effects. Additionally, scavenging effects of resveratrol against superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were also investigated. In experimental period, mice were divided into six groups and the groups were treated with tap water, 10 mg/kg b.w resveratrol, 20 mg/kg b.w resveratrol, 20 µg/kg b.w. AFB2, 10 mg/kg b.w resveratrol + 20 µg/kg b.w AFB2, 20 mg/kg b.w resveratrol + 20 µg/kg b.w AFB2, respectively. As a result, the scavenging effects of resveratrol increased with increasing dose and the superoxide, H2O2 and DPPH radical scavenging activity of resveratrol were 74.9%, 79.1% and 49.2%, respectively. AFB2 administration caused a significant decrease in physiological parameters, and these decreases regressed in AFB2 + resveratrol treated groups. Serum ALT and AST activities, BUN and creatinine levels were higher in the AFB2 treated group compared to the control group and serious abnormalities were found in MDA and GSH levels in the kidney and liver. In the group treated with AFB2 + 20 mg/kg resveratrol, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels decreased significantly and GSH levels increased compared to only-AFB2 treated group. AFB2 triggered MN formation in buccal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and CAs in bone marrow cells. The application of 20 mg/kg resveratrol together with AFB2 was decreased the MN and CAs frequency. Resveratrol exhibited a recovery effect in the range of 40.9–80.5% against AFB2 toxicity in all tested parameters. In this study, it was determined that AFB2 caused serious changes in selected physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameters while resveratrol displayed a protective role against these toxic effects.

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The Evaluation of the Aflatoxin Presence in Foods

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

Combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 and the protective role of resveratrol in Swiss albino mice

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The Evaluation of the Aflatoxin Presence in Foods

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Contents in Peanut Protein Snack Bars

Combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 and the protective role of resveratrol in Swiss albino mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey

Occurrence of and Factors Associated With the Presence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Breast Milk of Mothers in Fethiye, Turkey