The evaluation of protein Z levels of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia during induction therapy

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein Z levels of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) during induction therapy. Although several studies investigated the association between steroid and L-asparaginase (L-ASP) administration and levels of coagulation proteins such as protein C, protein S and antithrombin in children with ALL, protein Z levels have not been examined in any study yet. Peripheral blood was drawn from the study group before chemotherapy (PZ0) at diagnosis, at 12th day (PZ1), 15th day (PZ2), 18th day (PZ3) and 21st day (PZ4) of treatment wherein L-ASP treatment is given along with steroid administration according to ALL BFM-1995 chemotherapy protocol. Plasma protein Z levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay method. Mean protein Z level at PZ0 was 1.628 ± 0.485 μg/ml in the study group and 1.672 ± 0.662 μg/ml in the control group. No statistical difference was observed. In the study group, there was a slight increase in protein Z levels between the PZ0 and PZ1 periods in which only steroid therapy was administered. Statistically significant decrease was observed between protein Z levels in PZ0-PZ4, PZ1-PZ2, PZ1-PZ3, PZ1-PZ4 and PZ3-PZ4 periods. During the induction treatment, symptomatic haemorrhage or thrombosis was not followed up in any patients. We demonstrated that children with ALL have similar protein Z values to those of the control group at diagnosis. A significant decrease occurs at the end of the induction treatment with steroid and L-ASP administration. However, this deficiency does not result in development of symptomatic thrombosis or bleeding in these patients.

Quantification of protein Z expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and cells

“…In acute leukemia, reduced plasma PZ levels were shown to increase the risk of bleeding in patients (Galar et al 2012 ). Another recent study reported a significant drop of plasma PZ level in young acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients undergoing induction therapy; however, this decrease did not correlate with bleeding or thrombosis (Cankal et al 2013 ), indicating non-traditional roles for PZ in cancer cell biology. Sierko et al recently showed an overexpression of PZ in breast, lung, colon, and stomach cancer tissues (Sierko et al 2011 , 2012a , b , 2014 ).…”