The Evaluation of Crop Plants for Winter Hardiness

Dexter, S. T.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60690-2

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Additionally, results from controlledfreezing tests not too dissimilar from those used here have been correlated with field survival during severe winters for a range of species (Weibel & Quisenberry 1941;Dexter 1956;Cooper 1964). It is however, acknowledged that for annual species, this study does not determine the frost tolerance of flowering and seed production which may limit their adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Frost tolerance ofTrifoliumspecies

Caradus

1995

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Thirteen Trifolium species were artificially frosted at -4, -8, -12, and -16°C in controlled environment rooms. This was carried out in such a way that soil freezing was avoided and only shoots were frosted. Frost tolerance was primarily assessed as the percentage of dead to total leaf dry weight present 1 week after frosting. Trifolium arvense, T. dubium, and T. hybridum were the most frost-tolerant, whereas T. ambiguum, T. subterraneum, T. glomeratum, T. vesiculosum, and T. cernuum were the most frost-sensitive, based on the temperature required to kill 50% of leaves. Trifolium ambiguum may have been particularly sensitive to frosting because of its poor vigour (size).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Frost tolerance ofTrifoliumspecies

Caradus

1995

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…High rates of N applied in the autumn were reported to reduce winter survival (Dexter 1956;Levitt 1980;Grant et al 1984), whereas other reports did not demonstrate a correlation between N fertilizer and winter kill (Single 1971). P and K are generally acknowledged to increase winter hardiness (Levitt 1980) but imbalances with other nutrients such as N, inhibit cold acclimation (Zurawicz and Stushnoff 1977).…”

Section: Mots Clés: Blé D'hiver Azote Phosphore Tolérance Au Gelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter wheat

Gusta¹,

O’Connor²,

Lafond³

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 1999. Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: [191][192][193][194][195]. To increase the probability of winter survival, it is recommended that winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) be sown into standing stubble from a previous crop, which acts to trap an insulating layer of snow. Therefore, to replenish nutrients used by the previous crop and to obtain optimum yields of winter wheat, these soils have to be fertilized with N and P. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N and P, alone and in combination, on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter-wheat seedlings in the fall and in early spring and during storage at -4°C throughout the winter months. None of the fertilizer treatments had an effect on the freezing tolerance of the seedlings in late fall, however, P in combination with N decreased freezing tolerance in March and April, with the effects being more pronounced at high rates of P. Seedlings sampled from the field in early May were similar in freezing tolerance, irrespective of the level of fall-applied N and P. Both shoot and root growth of seedlings collected in the spring were enhanced by P fertilization in combination with N. Fallapplied P increased the level of tissue N and P, while applications of N increased the level of tissue N of seedlings sampled in late fall. [191][192][193][194][195]. Pour améliorer les chances de survie à l'hiver du blé d'automne (Triticum aestivum L.), on conseille de le semer dans les éteules de la sole précédente de céréale, qui ainsi serviront à fixer la couche isolante de neige. Il s'ensuit que pour compenser pour les éléments fertilisants exportés par la culture précédente, ces sols doivent recevoir une fumure N et P de façon à fournir des rendements optimums de blé. Nos travaux avaient pour objet de déterminer l'effet d'apports de N et de P, seuls ou combinés, sur la tolérance au gel des jeunes plantes de blé d'hiver Norstar durant l'automne et durant le début du printemps ainsi que de plants conservés à -4°C durant les mois d'hiver. Aucun des traitements de fumure n'avaint d'effets statistiquement significatifs sur la tolérance au gel des plantes en fin d'automne, mais l'association PN causait un affaiblissment de cette tolérance en mars et en avril, les effets étant plus prononcés aux niveaux supérieurs de fumure P. Les plants prélevés au champ en début de mai manifestaient un même degré de tolérance, indépendamment de la quantité de N et de P reçue l'automne précédent. L'apport combiné de P et de N stimulait la croissance des parties vertes et des racines des plantes prélevées au printemps. Chez les jeunes plants prélevés en fin d'automne l'apport de P en automne produisait un accroissement des teneurs en N et en P des tissus végétaux alors que la fumure azotée avait le même effet, mais sur les teneurs en N seulement.

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“…The results suggest that environmental and growth regulatory tactors which influence the uptake of mineral nutrients would be expected to influence crown moisture content, and the expression of stress tolerance. Pomeroy 1981, 1983).In terms of mineral nutrition, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduces winter survival in a wide range of crops, and the application ofphosphorus (P), and potassium (K) generally promotes increased hardiness (Dexter 1956;Jung and Smith 1959;Freyman and Kaldy 1979 …”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…In terms of mineral nutrition, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduces winter survival in a wide range of crops, and the application ofphosphorus (P), and potassium (K) generally promotes increased hardiness (Dexter 1956;Jung and Smith 1959;Freyman and Kaldy 1979).In winter cereals, Tyler et al (1981), using hydroponic cultures, found that fieezing tolerance was promoted by low levels of N, P and K. However, the effects of a range of such nutrients on the expression of icing and flooding tolerances have not been studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

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THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTERHARDINESS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

Hetherington¹,

McKersie²,

Keeler³

1990

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 1990. ThE iNflUENCC Of mineral nutrition on the expression of traits associated with winterhardiness of two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars' Can. J. Plant Sci' 70: M3-454 Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Fredrick and Norstar, which differ in their winterhardiness potential, were compared with regard to the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application, during acclimation, on the expfession of four traits associated with winterhardinessfreezing, ice-encasement, and low temperature flooding tolerances and crown moisture content. Modified Hoagland's nutrient solutions containing five levels of each nutrient were applied to the seedlings during a 5-wk acclimation period at2"C, and subsequently the crowns were tested for thiir ability to survive varying intensities of the stress treatments. Increasing the level of applied N from 0, caused a reduction in the level of all stress tolerances.Increased F did not significantly alter the expression of freezing tolerance, but tended to increase tolerance bf the anaerobic stresses, icing and low temperature flooding, to an optimum. Increased K had minimal effects on stress tolerance at the levels tested.Increased levels of each nutrient increased crown moisture content. The cultivar Norstar was consistently more tolerant of freezing and icing stress than Fredrick and this relative ranking was not influenced by mineral nutrition. However, the relative ranking for low temperature flooding tolerance varied depending on the nutrients provided to the seedlings. The results suggest that environmental and growth regulatory tactors which influence the uptake of mineral nutrients would be expected to influence crown moisture content, and the expression of stress tolerance. Pomeroy 1981, 1983).In terms of mineral nutrition, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduces winter survival in a wide range of crops, and the application ofphosphorus (P), and potassium (K) generally promotes increased hardiness (Dexter 1956;Jung and Smith 1959;Freyman and Kaldy 1979

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The Evaluation of Crop Plants for Winter Hardiness

Cited by 71 publications

References 88 publications

Frost tolerance ofTrifoliumspecies

Frost tolerance ofTrifoliumspecies

Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter wheat

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTERHARDINESS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

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