The EU and ASEAN: Learning from the Failed EU-Mercosur FTA Negotiations

Robles, Alfredo C.

doi:10.1355/ae25-3f

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Meanwhile, there was a defensive reason for conducting the EU-ASEAN FTA negotiations (Botezatu, 2007;Lindverg & Alvstam, 2007;Robles, Jr., 2008;Cuyvers, 2014;Meissner, 2016), the EU-Mercosur (Robles, Jr., 2008), and the EU-Mexico (Cheng, 2017) trade agreements. The concern was that the EU would be unable to compete with the United States, China, and Japan.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesia: Not a Priority in the European Union Bilateral FTA Negotiations with ASEAN

Assegaff¹

2021

Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019)

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This explains why Indonesia was not a priority for the European Union (EU) in negotiating a bilateral FTA (Free Trade Agreement). Qualitative analysis was used and data was collected in the form of books, articles, journalism, and official pages from relevant organizations. Foreign Policy theory was employed to define Indonesia's status in regard to the EU. Using this theory, the internal and external factors of the EU were analyzed. The analysis revealed that Indonesia was indeed not a priority for the EU when bilateral FTA negotiations began in 2010. The EU internal factors demonstrate the fact that Indonesia is not popular in Europe; the EU had experienced a trade deficit with Indonesia; the EU was occupied with the election of the European Parliament; the EU conducted economic relations with many other countries in the world, hence it had to divide its priorities; and the EU's perception of Indonesia related to environmental issues is also unfavorable. Whereas, there were also two external factors that greatly influenced the EU's decision not to prioritize Indonesia. The first was the condition of Indonesia-EU economic relations and Indonesia's domestic condition. Indonesia is not the EU's primary trading partner in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). The EU economic relations with other countries in ASEAN like Singapore and Malaysia are more significant than those with Indonesia. In terms of Indonesia's domestic condition, Indonesia is not as competitive as other countries in ASEAN like Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. In terms of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Indonesia is also behind Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand, and Malaysia. Moreover, the policies and regulations issued by Indonesia in 2014 were also unfavorable for in terms of trade with the EU. Likewise, the investment climate in Indonesia is not more favorable than in Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. For Indonesia, the EU is equally not a priority target for cooperation because Indonesia is focusing on cooperation with countries in ASEAN and China. As an international actor, the EU is also less known in Indonesia.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesia: Not a Priority in the European Union Bilateral FTA Negotiations with ASEAN

Assegaff¹

2021

Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019)

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“…Holland argues that this is of potential benefi t to European companies. The existing studies diverge on this, with some suggesting that the FTA would discourage European FDI (see Robles 2008 ), whilst others claim that the FTA would encourage European FDI in Latin America/Mercosur ( Cienfuegos 2006 ).…”

Section: Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

The European Union's Policy Towards Mercosur : Responsive Not Strategic

Arana¹

2016

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List of boxes, fi gures and tables page ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction: the study of European Union relations with Mercosur 1 2 Analytical framework: relations between the European Union and Mercosur 21 3 European Union policy-making towards Mercosur 51 4 Non-institutionalized relations between the EU and Mercosur 70 5 The most productive years of EU-Mercosur relations 6 The fi rst attempt to negotiate the association agreement 7 The second attempt to negotiate the association agreement 8 Lessons to be learned from the EU policy towards Mercosur References Index Boxes, fi gures and tables Boxes 3.1 Article 133 (ex Article 113) page 3.2 Article 181 (ex Article 130y) 3.3 Article 300 (ex Article 228) 4.1 The European Parliament ' s support for links with Mercosur at the political and economic level 4.2 European Parliament resolutions supporting the relations between the EU and Latin America 4.3 Final Act, Joint Declaration of Intent on the Development and Intensifi cation of Relations with the Countries of Latin America 4.4 Final Act Declaration by the Kingdom of Spain on Latin America 5.1 Options for EU-Mercosur relations Figures 1.1 Timeline of development of Mercosur 1.2 Mercosur institutions 2.1 Levels of ambition 2.2 Levels of commitment 4.1 Spain and Portugal ' s EU membership: bottom-up outcome 95 4.2 Spain and Portugal ' s EU membership: 'top-down' in relation to trade 97 4.

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“…With regard to negotiations for a free trade agreement with the EU, member states of ASEAN are not likely to substantially benefit from it if the former's failed FTA negotiations with other regions are any indication. Robles (2007aRobles ( , 2007bRobles ( , 2008bRobles ( , 2008c has consistently argued that ASEAN should learn from failed negotiations with the South African Development Community (SADC) and Mercosur. Specifically, a FTA with EU would not necessarily promote European FDI because "the competitiveness of European goods, accompanied by European protection for sensitive sectors, means that an (sic) FDI would risk increasing the region's trade deficits with the EU, undermining local industries, and hampering efforts to enhance competitiveness of local firms" (Robles, 2008c: 194).…”

Section: Assessments Of Asean-eu Relations and Asemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Europe and Southeast Asia: ASEAN-EU Interregionalism between Pluralist and Solidarist Societies

Morada¹

2012

RES

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This article examines ASEAN-EU relations using the framework of international society of the English School. Specifically, it attempts to examine the utility of pluralist and solidarist conceptions of international society in understanding the nature and dynamics of ASEAN-EU relations and the ASEM process. It argues that interregional relations between ASEAN and the EU have for the most part been determined by their identities as pluralist and solidarist societies, respectively, which is clearly manifested in their different perspectives and approaches on political, economic, and security issues. The EU is primarily considered a strategic partner of ASEAN in the latter's attempt to balance its relations with other external powers, particularly in dealing with rising power like China. However, their partnership remains narrow and shallow even as the EU is perceived mainly as a donor to ASEAN's socioeconomic development goals.

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The EU and ASEAN: Learning from the Failed EU-Mercosur FTA Negotiations

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Indonesia: Not a Priority in the European Union Bilateral FTA Negotiations with ASEAN

Indonesia: Not a Priority in the European Union Bilateral FTA Negotiations with ASEAN

The European Union's Policy Towards Mercosur : Responsive Not Strategic

Europe and Southeast Asia: ASEAN-EU Interregionalism between Pluralist and Solidarist Societies

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