The ethnolinguistic identity of the domesticators of Asian rice

Driem, George van

doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2011.07.004

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The expansion of the Tharu was followed by extensive admixture and assimilation with the local populations, which is testified by higher diversity of the autochthonous South Asian mtDNA and Y-chromosomal lineages among the Tharu. 39 Finally, beyond the particular history of the Tharu, our study has identified the first deeply rooted mtDNA hg originating in the north of the subcontinent, providing the first insights into the earliest human populations in this region. Abbreviations: NE India, Northeast India; UP, Uttar Pradesh; UT, Uttarakhand.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry

et al. 2014

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The northern region of the Indian subcontinent is a vast landscape interlaced by diverse ecologies, for example, the Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas. A great number of ethnic groups are found there, displaying a multitude of languages and cultures. The Tharu is one of the largest and most linguistically diverse of such groups, scattered across the Tarai region of Nepal and bordering Indian states. Their origins are uncertain. Hypotheses have been advanced postulating shared ancestry with Austroasiatic, or Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations as well as aboriginal roots in the Tarai. Several Tharu groups speak a variety of Indo-Aryan languages, but have traditionally been described by ethnographers as representing East Asian phenotype. Their ancestry and intra-population diversity has previously been tested only for haploid (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome) markers in a small portion of the population. This study presents the first systematic genetic survey of the Tharu from both Nepal and two Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, using genome-wide SNPs and haploid markers. We show that the Tharu have dual genetic ancestry as up to one-half of their gene pool is of East Asian origin. Within the South Asian proportion of the Tharu genetic ancestry, we see vestiges of their common origin in the north of the South Asian Subcontinent manifested by mitochondrial DNA haplogroup M43.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry

et al. 2014

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“…Recent versions of this scenario highlight the necessity of hybridization between a fully domesticated japonica and semi-domesticated or wild proto-indica (Figs. 2 and 3), whereby japonica became the donor of many domestication syndrome genes in indica (Sang and Ge 2007;Sweeney and McCouch 2007;Fuller et al 2010a). It is worth noting that there are still emerging complications in the story of early domestication genes, since experiments by Ishikawa et al (2010) indicate that plants homozygous for the sh4 nonshattering mutation still show wild-type shattering in the context of mainly wild-type genetic background, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathways to Asian Civilizations: Tracing the Origins and Spread of Rice and Rice Cultures

Fuller

2011

Rice

272

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Modern genetics, ecology and archaeology are combined to reconstruct the domestication and diversification of rice. Early rice cultivation followed two pathways towards domestication in India and China, with selection for domestication traits in early Yangtze japonica and a non-domestication feedback system inferred for 'proto-indica'. The protracted domestication process finished around 6,500-6,000 years ago in China and about two millennia later in India, when hybridization with Chinese rice took place. Subsequently farming populations grew and expanded by migration and incorporation of pre-existing populations. These expansions can be linked to hypothetical language family dispersal models, including dispersal from China southwards by the Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian groups. In South Asia much dispersal of rice took place after Indo-Aryan and Dravidian speakers adopted rice from speakers of lost languages of northern India.

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“…Further Austroasiatic lexicon posits a second, possibly independent, domestication episode centred on the Bay of Bengal and Indo-Burmese borders. 54 55 Kovach et al (2007) 56 found that indica and japonica strains are more closely related to divergent ancestral gene pools of wild rice than to each other, supporting an overall separate origin. Though Molina et al (2011) 57…”

Section: Domesticated Rice Oryza Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nepalese Himalayas in Prehistoric Context: A Review of their role in Eurasian Exchange Networks and Domestication

Saul

2016

History Compass

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This article explores the evidence for settlement and mobility within and across the Nepalese Himalayas, focusing on the period from 30 kya to the emergence of early states in the 1st millennium BC. Although trade routes around the Himalayas, such as those of the silk roads, have shaped a sense of the mountains as a marginal and inaccessible landscape, I argue that the high‐altitude/high‐relief landscape is by no means a barrier to exchange and mobility. Though relatively little archaeological fieldwork has been undertaken in the Himalayas of Nepal, this article presents the tentative evidence for: (1) the movement of prehistoric exchange items and (2) settlement activity and exchange infrastructure. In order to achieve this wider contextual evidence is drawn from East and South Asian exchange networks from the 14th to 1st millennia BC, particularly with respect to plant dispersals, and domestication episodes for which there is increasingly compelling biomolecular evidence. This evidence is collated in order to steer archaeological research questions for the Himalayan region, asking: what evidence is there for the development of settlement, mobility and exchange in the Nepalese Himalayas during prehistory?

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The ethnolinguistic identity of the domesticators of Asian rice

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry

Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry

Pathways to Asian Civilizations: Tracing the Origins and Spread of Rice and Rice Cultures

The Nepalese Himalayas in Prehistoric Context: A Review of their role in Eurasian Exchange Networks and Domestication

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