Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry

Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Singh, Manvendra; Crivellaro, Federica; Tamang, Rakesh; Nandan, Amrita; Singh, Kamayani; Sharma, Varun; Pathak, Ajai Kumar; Shah, Anish; Sharma, Vishwas; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Rani, Deepa Selvi; Rai, Niraj; Kushniarevich, Alena; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Karmin, Monika; Phillip, A; Verma, Abhilasha; Prank, Erik; Singh, Vijay Kumar; Li, Blaise; Govindaraj, Periyasamy; Chaubey, Akhilesh Kumar; Dubey, Pavan Kumar; Reddy, Alla G.; Premkumar, Kumpati; Satti, Vishnupriya; Pande, Veena; Parik, Jüri; Rootsi, Siiri; Endicott, Phillip; Metspalu, Mait; Lahr, Marta Mirazón; Driem, George van; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy

doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.36

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Mediterranean variant is found in Europe and Asia, being the most frequent G6PD mutation in India among the caste groups [38,39]. Overall the genetic data of the most numerous ethnic group in the current study (the Tharus) align to previous evidence of their dual Southeast Asian and Indian ancestry [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

G6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Nepal

Marasini

Lal

Thapa

et al. 2020

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is currently a threat to malaria elimination due to risk of primaquine-induced haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends G6PD screening before providing primaquine as a radical treatment against vivax malaria. However, evidence regarding the prevalence and causing mutations of G6PD deficiency in Nepal is scarce. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based, prevalence study was carried out from May to October 2016 in 12 malaria-endemic districts of Nepal. The screening survey included 4067 participants whose G6PD status was determined by G6PD Care Start ™ rapid diagnostic test and genotyping. Results: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency at the national level was 3.5% (4.1% among males and 2.1% among females). When analysed according to ethnic groups, G6PD deficiency was highest among the Janajati (6.2% overall, 17.6% in Mahatto, 7.7% in Chaudhary and 7.5% in Tharu) and low among Brahman and Chhetri (1.3%). District-wise, prevalence was highest in Banke (7.6%) and Chitwan (6.6%). Coimbra mutation (592 C>T) was found among 75.5% of the G6PD-deficient samples analysed and Mahidol (487 G>A) and Mediterranean (563 C>T) mutations were found in equal proportions in the remaining 24.5%. There was no specific geographic or ethnic distribution for the three mutations. Conclusions: This study has identified populations with moderate to high prevalence of G6PD deficiency which provides strong evidence supporting the WHO recommendations to screen G6PD deficiency at health facility level before the use of primaquine-based radical curative regimen for Plasmodium vivax.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

G6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Nepal

Marasini

Lal

Thapa

et al. 2020

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The digression of Tharu is also evident here, supporting our previous conclusion, suggesting that up to one half of their genome would be East Asian specific. 50 Interestingly, the f3 statistics plot also revealed a clear-cut distinction of the Gond from their neighbours, which include Transitional and Nihali populations, in sharing the different proportions of Munda and Dravidian alleles ( Supplementary Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Gond comprise the largest tribal group of India with a population exceeding 12 million. Linguistically, the Gond belong to the Gondi-Manda subgroup of the South Central branch of the Dravidian language family. Ethnographers, anthropologists and linguists entertain mutually incompatible hypotheses on their origin. Genetic studies of these people have thus far suffered from the low resolution of the genetic data or the limited number of samples. Therefore, to gain a more comprehensive view on ancient ancestry and genetic affinities of the Gond with the neighbouring populations speaking Indo-European, Dravidian and Austroasiatic languages, we have studied four geographically distinct groups of Gond using high-resolution data. All the Gond groups share a common ancestry with a certain degree of isolation and differentiation. Our allele frequency and haplotype-based analyses reveal that the Gond share substantial genetic ancestry with the Indian Austroasiatic (ie, Munda) groups, rather than with the other Dravidian groups to whom they are most closely related linguistically.

show abstract

“…These four populations are long-term residents of the Himalayan foothills (altitude less than 1,000 m). Ethnographic, linguistic, and cultural data suggest that these populations are of East Asian ancestries, they speak closely related languages, and their cultural practices are similar to one another [ 32 – 34 ]. Although all four of the Himalayan populations in this study were foragers until recently [ 35 – 38 ], habitat loss due to rapid deforestation, population expansions of non-native groups, establishment of new settlements, and construction of modern highways led to settlement of these groups at various time points in the last 300 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome transition across a lifestyle gradient in Himalaya

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The composition of the gut microbiome in industrialized populations differs from those living traditional lifestyles. However, it has been difficult to separate the contributions of human genetic and geographic factors from lifestyle. Whether shifts away from the foraging lifestyle that characterize much of humanity’s past influence the gut microbiome, and to what degree, remains unclear. Here, we characterize the stool bacterial composition of four Himalayan populations to investigate how the gut community changes in response to shifts in traditional human lifestyles. These groups led seminomadic hunting–gathering lifestyles until transitioning to varying levels of agricultural dependence upon farming. The Tharu began farming 250–300 years ago, the Raute and Raji transitioned 30–40 years ago, and the Chepang retain many aspects of a foraging lifestyle. We assess the contributions of dietary and environmental factors on their gut-associated microbes and find that differences in the lifestyles of Himalayan foragers and farmers are strongly correlated with microbial community variation. Furthermore, the gut microbiomes of all four traditional Himalayan populations are distinct from that of the Americans, indicating that industrialization may further exacerbate differences in the gut community. The Chepang foragers harbor an elevated abundance of taxa associated with foragers around the world. Conversely, the gut microbiomes of the populations that have transitioned to farming are more similar to those of Americans, with agricultural dependence and several associated lifestyle and environmental factors correlating with the extent of microbiome divergence from the foraging population. The gut microbiomes of Raute and Raji reveal an intermediate state between the Chepang and Tharu, indicating that divergence from a stereotypical foraging microbiome can occur within a single generation. Our results also show that environmental factors such as drinking water source and solid cooking fuel are significantly associated with the gut microbiome. Despite the pronounced differences in gut bacterial composition across populations, we found little differences in alpha diversity across lifestyles. These findings in genetically similar populations living in the same geographical region establish the key role of lifestyle in determining human gut microbiome composition and point to the next challenging steps of determining how large-scale gut microbiome reconfiguration impacts human biology.

show abstract

Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

G6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Nepal

G6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Nepal

Reconstructing the population history of the largest tribe of India: the Dravidian speaking Gond

Gut microbiome transition across a lifestyle gradient in Himalaya

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About