The Ethnographer/Tourist in Indonesia

Bruner, Edward M.; Lanfant, Marie-Françoise; Allcock, John B.

doi:10.4135/9781446250402.n14

Cited by 111 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Además, las características adjudicadas se generalizan para el todo; es decir, para toda la comunidad mapuche. En este mecanismo se vislumbra la paradoja entre el deseo de fomentar el desarrollo y el deseo de ver culturas primitivas (Bruner, 1995).…”

Section: B) Expresiones Metonímicasunclassified

“…Por lo tanto, los resultados corroboran estudios discursivos y antropológicos que asocian el turismo comunitario con: (i) una descripción cultural en que se proyectan estereotipos sobre los mapuche (Pilleux & Merino, 2004), (ii) una imagen de la cultura mapuche que no corresponde con la realidad más general del grupo étnico (López Oropesa, 2010), y (iii) una realidad creada en la que el contenido turístico está determinado por las expectativas y las necesidades del turista (Bruner, 1995;Salazar, 2006). Los resultados sugieren que si no se desea propagar los estereotipos sobre la cultura mapuche, es necesario incluir la diversidad y la evolución de la cultura mapuche en el discurso del turismo comunitario.…”

Section: Conclusiónunclassified

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Stereotypes in the Advertisement Sites of Mapuche Tourism

Maturana

2015

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Resumen: El artículo analiza los estereotipos de la cultura mapuche en la publicidad del turismo comunitario. El objetivo es describir los mecanismos cognitivos subyacentes a las expresiones estereotipadas para tomar conciencia de ellos y sugerir una conceptualización alternativa más fiel a la realidad y al objetivo de respeto cultural con que se define el turismo comunitario. El estudio tiene en consideración la realidad social chilena y la polémica sobre la función y el efecto del turismo comunitario. El marco teórico es el de la Lingüística Cognitiva y el método empleado consiste en: a) la identificación de expresiones que manifiestan la oposición nosotros -ellos y de expresiones temporales y locativas que representan una visión estereotipada del mapuche como primitivo, y b) la descripción de los diversos mecanismos cognitivos subyacentes a la conceptualización estereotipada. La conclusión es que a las expresiones estereotipadas subyace una conceptualización metonímica, representativa y ahistórica, de entorno natural e idealizada, y que la identidad estereotipada podría evitarse por medio de una conceptualización que perfile la diversidad y la evolución de la cultura mapuche en el transcurso del tiempo. (2012) caracterizan el turismo comunitario por basarse en el bien de la comunidad, la convivencialidad basada en el mutuo interés y la cotidianidad que abarcaría aspectos culturales y costumbres de la convivencia. Además, este turismo no poseería una lógica utilitarista centrada en los logros a corto plazo (Skewes et al., 2012).Los análisis sobre el turismo comunitario se han centrado primordialmente en los efectos de este para las comunidades indígenas y en menor grado en los efectos para los turistas (Pereiro, 2013). Las evaluaciones resultan en conclusiones que Pereiro (2013) resume en lo que él llama "tres visiones": a) la optimista o positiva del turismo indígena que sostiene que el turismo comunitario revitaliza la organización social indígena, favorece su desarrollo económico y ofrece a la cultura indígena la posibilidad de darse a conocer, b) la visión negativista del turismo indígena que analiza el turismo comunitario como una nueva colonización que altera la cultura de la minoría, y c) la visión adaptiva que señala los efectos positivos y negativos de este tipo de turismo.Las palabras de Mena (2013) ilustran claramente la visión crítica que también sostiene Champutiz ( 2013):Por ejemplo, hay una situación que se está dando, que yo lo considero aberrante, en muchos países Abstract:In this article we analyze the stereotypes of the Mapuche culture in tourism websites. The aim is to describe the cognitive mechanisms underlying the stereotyped expressions in order to increase awareness of these stereotypes and to suggest an alternative conceptualization which is more in line with reality and the aim of cultural respect that defines community tourism. This study takes into account the social reality of Chile and the polemic concerning the function and the effects of community tourism. Adopting a Cognitiv...

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Section: B) Expresiones Metonímicasunclassified

Section: Conclusiónunclassified

Stereotypes in the Advertisement Sites of Mapuche Tourism

Maturana

2015

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“…In the light of these ego-involved issues, a qualitativeinterpretive methodology was adopted as one most likely to facilitate their exploration and also, as one commonly used in ethnographic studies of culture, travel and tourism (Bruner, 1995;Geertz, 1973). The specific instrument was unobtrusive, participant observation adapted from a previous study of a coach party engaged in a heritage tour of the battlefields of World War I (Seaton, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diasporic Identity, Heritage, and "Homecoming": How Sarawakian-Chinese Tourists Feel on Tour in Beijing

Tie¹,

Seaton²

2013

Tourism Analysis

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The Chinese have become one of the most widely dispersed races across the globe. Yet they have often implicitly resisted this dispersion by a powerful, but often unspoken, mythic commitment to the image of China as an enduring homeland, rather than accepting any irreversible transfer of cultural allegiance and identity to the receiving country. Part of this myth of temporary exile, held and cherished by some diasporic groups, has been the dream of "going back," the return to one's roots. Increasingly, modern tourism apparently offers an easily accessed and temporary mechanism for going back to a Chinese "homeland" and seeking to discover and explore authentic Chinese identity. This article focuses on the possibilities of diasporic reconnection through tourism and specifically the role of heritage tourism encounters in an ethnic homeland from which some have been separated for long periods, and others have never seen. It explores theoretical and empirical issues attached to diasporic identity and "homecoming" tourism, using case study data collected from Chinese diasporic tourists from Sarawak on a package tour of China. In presenting the results, the analysis adopts a dual interpretative approach to heritage that evolved from the data analysis, in which it was decoded by the tour party members as both observations of the quotidian cultural activities and values of the Chinese people, and observations of the selective constructions of public culture provided and promoted by public agencies. The two perceived aspects of heritage generated contradictory responses within the tour party that were partly a reflection of perceptions and judgments about the intrinsic features of things observed (e.g., their authenticity and social acceptability). They were also due to differences in the backgrounds of members of the diasporic party in terms of language resources, span of generational residence in Sarawak as emigrants from China, and religion.

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“…Bruner, 1995;Crick, 1995;Phillimore and Goodson, 2004). Recognising the subjectivity of the researcher and the importance of the context of social science research is the first step in understanding the dynamics of researcher-object relations (Denzin and Lincoln, 2003).…”

Section: The Role Of the Ethnographermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As both Bruner (1995) and Crick (1995) have pointed out, researchers in tourism have to take into account the specific tourism context of the field. When an anthropologist travels to a place to conduct fieldwork, especially in developing countries, they are likely to be identified as tourist by both locals and other tourists.…”

Section: The Role Of the Ethnographermentioning

confidence: 99%

The tourist with a hidden agenda? Shifting roles in the field of tourism research

Duijnhoven¹,

Roessingh²

2006

Int. J. Tourism Res.

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This article focuses on the way tourism researchers have to shift between different roles when in the field. The complex reality of the tourism arena with its multidisciplinary character requires a certain flexibility when it comes to the approach and perspective used by the researcher when interacting with the actors in the field. This role switching and flexibility has certain consequences when it comes to the position of the researcher. Furthermore, contemporary developments in the world (such as globalisation, technological developments and increased human mobility) have altered the practice of ethnographic research. The article explores and reflects upon some of the (methodological) issues that tourism researcher are confronted with when conducting ethnographic research, by discussing a number of empirical examples from different researchers in the field.

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The Ethnographer/Tourist in Indonesia

Cited by 111 publications

References 0 publications

Stereotypes in the Advertisement Sites of Mapuche Tourism

Stereotypes in the Advertisement Sites of Mapuche Tourism

Diasporic Identity, Heritage, and "Homecoming": How Sarawakian-Chinese Tourists Feel on Tour in Beijing

The tourist with a hidden agenda? Shifting roles in the field of tourism research

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