The estimation of the energy requirement of two communities in rural Burundi (Africa)

Henderickx, H. K.; Callens, Karel; D’Haese, Luc

doi:10.1080/03670244.1990.9991133

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These values are well below those presented here. This is not surprising since African studies usually report a high level of energy expenditure among rural women Henderickx et al, 1990;Lawrence and Whitehead, 1987;Schultink et al, 1993;Singh et al, 1989). Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there exist no specific studies on rural African adolescents for comparison purposes.…”

Section: Activity Of Senegalese Adolescent Girlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of habitual physical activity in west african adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3‐year prospective study

Bénéfice

Garnier

Ndiaye

2001

American J Hum Biol

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This study examines energy expenditure and physical activity levels for a sample of 40 adolescent girls of the Sereer ethnic group of rural Senegal. The girls were 13.3 +/- 0.5 years at the start of the study (June 1997) and were followed annually for the next 2 years during puberty. Data collected during each round included: 1) pubertal status (as assessed by breast development and occurrence of menarche); 2) selected anthropometric dimensions (weight, stature, arm circumference, and six skinfolds); and 3) physical activity levels quantitatively assessed using CSA accelerometers. During rounds 1 and 3, activity was also qualitatively reported by direct minute-by-minute observations. A food consumption survey was performed once during the 3(rd) round, using an individual food weighing method. Girls of this sample had high levels of energy expenditure with daily physical activity levels (PALs) ranging from 1.70 to 1.85 multiples of basal metabolic rate. Energy intakes were, on average, sufficient to meet energy and protein requirements, although micronutrient deficiencies were likely to exist. Activity levels declined with age between the 1(st) and 3(rd) rounds. Stepwise regression analyses showed that stature was negatively correlated with both total daily and day-time activity, whereas the body mass index was positively associated with this measure. Pubertal status and subcutaneous fatness were not significant predictors of activity levels. The contribution of these adolescent girls to the everyday tasks of the household was considerable. They spent more than 3 hours 30 minutes per day in domestic duties.

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Section: Activity Of Senegalese Adolescent Girlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of habitual physical activity in west african adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3‐year prospective study

Bénéfice

Garnier

Ndiaye

2001

American J Hum Biol

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“…One can expect that energy expenditure on physical activity in pre-industrialized countries is much higher than in industrialized countries (Ferro-Luzzi, 1985), even though the nature and the intensity of physical activity in Africa has not been studied in detail. The daily energy expenditure of African farmers generally appears to be high (Henderickx et al, 1990). However, factors such as occupation (agriculture vs. pastoral activities) (Benefice et al, 1984), season (Bleiberg et al, 1980;Brun et al, 1981), the technique or skill needed to accomplish the task (Maloiy et al, 19861, and geographical location (e.g., work in mountainous regions) (Panter-Brick, 1992), will influence energy expenditure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, motor performance, and growth of senegalese pre‐adolescents

Bénéfice

1993

American J Hum Biol

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Profiles of usual physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, motor performance, and growth were measured regularly for 2 years in 40 rural Senegalese (Wolof) children-20 boys and 20 girls-who were 10 or 11 years of age and clinically healthy at the beginning of the study. Compared to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference data, the children showed lower weight-for-age and height-for-age throughout the period of observation; the increments of height from year to year were not remarkable and growth spurts were not observed during the study period. The motor performance (running, jumping, throwing) and spirometer test results were inferior to age-matched American children. When adjusted for actual weight and height, jumping and throwing results were similar to those of American children, but running results remained inferior. Cardiorespiratory function appeared inferior to American children of the same age, although speed of recovery after exertion demonstrated good cardiorespiratory efficiency. Physical activity, directly observed over 2-day periods on 4 occasions, corresponded to an average energy expenditure of 1.66 Mets (multiples of basal metabolic rate) (boys) and 1.76 Mets (girls), which are close to the FAO/WHO/UNU values for age. The higher energy expenditure of girls could be explained by their participation in domestic tasks. Both boys and girls spent an average of 42 minutes/day on activities equivalent to energy consumption rates equal or greater than 4.8 Mets. Significant correlations existed between the activity index and cardiorespiratory fitness in boys, and between the activity index and motor performances in girls. Physical aptitudes of sampled children appear compatible with the demands of their social and agricultural tasks. However, it appears that persistent malnutrition may have stunted their growth and motor performances. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…However, this discrepancy would account for only about 60 to 100 kcal, putting the average energy adequacy of the women's diets at about 61% of recommended levels. The WHO metabolic constants may also overestimate actual energy expenditure in small individuals [66]. Indian women were able to perform 15 work tasks at a lower cost than men primarily because they are smaller [67], although the researchers' hypothesized social processes also enabled these seemingly undernourished women to maintain a high level of productivity.…”

Section: Very Low Energy Intakesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the Impact of Messages to Improve the Diets of Lactating Rural Bangladeshi Women on Their Dietary Practices and the of Their Breast-Fed Infants

Brown¹,

Zeitlin²,

Weld³

et al. 1994

Food Nutr Bull

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A community-based nutrition education intervention taught 48 Bangladeshi families with breast-feeding infants how to improve the mothers' diet. The energy adequacy of the women's diets and of 30 comparable controls averaged 65% + 14% of the FAD/WHO/ UNU requirement at baseline and declined to 55% + 7% immediately after the education (Post1) and to 52% + 6% after eight months of study (Post2). This decline was probably a seasonal effect resulting from lower food availability at Post1 and Post2. The adjusted declines in adequacy of treatments and controls did not differ at Post1 (-9.9% v.-9.5%; p = .806) when behavioural changes were expected. Adjusted declines from baseline to Post2 were significantly less for treatments than controls (-10.1% v.-15.5%; p =.001), but results may have been influenced by flooding that affected food distribution and production. Arm circumferences (MUAC) of both groups remained along the fifth percentile of the international reference. No significant differences were found between the average weight for age (WAZ) or MUAC of the breast-fed children in the two groups, although a greater percentage of control children became severely malnourished (p =.011). The evaluation raises concerns about the effectiveness of nutrition education for improving the diets of poor women if given in isolation of programmes that make improvements affordable. Evaluation of the impact of messages to improve the diets of lactating rural A rural woman's day is consumed with cooking, collecting firewood and water, cleaning and caring for children and elders. Women have no control over the food budget-the men buy and sell food in the market. Nearly 80% of women have never been to school and cannot read, write, or understand numbers at a functional level [7]. Adding to this powerlessness, the newlywed goes to live with her husband's family, often a less supportive environment than her own parents' home. Nutrition education Exposure to education and information can empower a woman to maximize the few resources around her for the health of her family [27, 28]. An education intervention to improve the diets of weaning-age children, conducted in the same setting as this study, resulted in greater energy intakes and weight gains of treatment children compared with controls [29]. This study, however, questions the sources of nutrition education alone in improving maternal diets under conditions of extreme poverty and possible discrimination against women in intrahousehold food distribution. Nutrition messages were designed for the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee's (BRAC) Child Survival Programme to improve lactating women's diets. Field observations suggested that, in general, the mothers wished to eat more during lactation. Yet, despite the project's promotion of low-cost traditional foods and inclusion of other family members in the teaching, the mothers reported that financial barriers limited their ability to comply with messages. This study evaluates the impact of the messages on the dietary adequacy and nu...

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The estimation of the energy requirement of two communities in rural Burundi (Africa)

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

High levels of habitual physical activity in west african adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3‐year prospective study

High levels of habitual physical activity in west african adolescent girls and relationship to maturation, growth, and nutritional status: Results from a 3‐year prospective study

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, motor performance, and growth of senegalese pre‐adolescents

Evaluation of the Impact of Messages to Improve the Diets of Lactating Rural Bangladeshi Women on Their Dietary Practices and the of Their Breast-Fed Infants

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