In rural Bangladesh, a community-based weaning intervention used volunteers to teach complementary feeding to families of 62 breast-fed infants aged 6-12 mo. Over 5 mo, treatment children gained on average 0.46 SD (approximately 460 g) more in weight-for-age (WAZ) than the 55 control subjects, and were approximately 0.5 kg heavier at the final measure. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The percent median weight-for-age (WAPM) of treatment children held steady at 76% of the National Center for Health Statistics' reference, whereas the WAPM of control subjects dropped from 78% to 72%. The increase in percentage points of severe malnutrition (below -3 WAZ) was only 5% in the treatment group compared with 26% in the control subjects. Treatment children consumed a significantly greater percent of their energy and protein requirements from complementary foods than did control subjects. The affordable complementary foods consisted mainly of cereal porridge with oil and brown sugar. These findings suggest that educational interventions teaching families to feed hygienic, simple, cheap, energy-enriched complementary foods to breast-fed infants after 5-6 mo can improve child growth, even under impoverished conditions.

This study sought to examine gender-based differences in the quality of life of men and women living with HIV in South India in the era prior to greater access to antiretroviral therapy. The participants in this prospective longitudinal study consisted of 215 men and 141 women who were administered a quality of life (QOL) instrument comprising five scales: physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, satisfaction with health care, and strength of partner relationship. Interviews were conducted at enrollment and at 6 months in clinical care. Men and women reported similar scores in physical well-being, satisfaction with health care, and relationship with partner from the period prior to care, at enrollment, and at 6 months. Women scored significantly lower than men in psychosocial well-being from the period prior to care, at enrollment, and at 6 months (p < 0.05); women reported significantly higher levels of partner satisfaction at 6 months (p < 0.05). In light of the increasing feminization of the HIV epidemic in India, greater emphasis should be placed on examining the long-term experiences of Indian women living with HIV/AIDS, particularly their psychosocial well-being.

During the last decade, growth monitoring has been promoted us an important intervention for child survival, but questions have been raised about its electiveness and feasibility in less-developed countries. A growth-monitoring programme was carried out by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee for over four years, covering about 20,000 children under two years of age. The programme was equally accessible to all socioeconomic groups and both sexes. Children were weighed monthly in village centres, and their mothers were given health and nutrition education. A recent evaluation found modest coverage (43 %) of the target children. Accuracy in determining ages of the target children was reasonably good, with more than 90% within 30 days of actual age. Eighty-seven per cent of the Salter round scales used gave accurate results, compared with only 17% of the Salter cylinder scales. Local volunteers, mostly women, participated in growth-monitoring sessions by weighing, recording, and demonstrating how to prepare supplementary diets. Growth monitoring was associated with increased use of selected child-survival interventions such as immunization. The nutrition status of participating children was not significantly better than that of a comparable group of children who did not participate (p =.051).