The Errors of Electronic Energy Meters That Measure Energy Consumed by LED Lighting

Kvasnikov

2022

EEJET

The object of the study is a three-phase commercial electricity metering unit for 380 V electrical grids. The uncertainty of electricity measurement in the reduced load mode is estimated by the relative deviation of the active energy, measured by the metering unit, from the actual value. The specified deviation is considered as the value of relative deviations on measuring channels, weighted by phase currents. The method of estimating the uncertainty of electricity measurement by one channel of the metering unit is based on the approach to estimating non-random uncertainty using the fuzzy set theory. The parameters of membership functions for the relative deviation of the metering unit readings are estimated at fixed levels of the channel current. Approximation of such functions for different current levels allows you to obtain a set of boundaries of the L-R type fuzzy function corresponding to a set of confidence levels. This allows determining the impact of the load phase current on the measurement uncertainty if the amount of empirical data is limited. The mathematical model for estimating the uncertainty of electricity measurement at reduced load using a fuzzy function was refined. The proposed model differs from the known ones by taking into account the influence of load values for each phase of the metering unit on the measurement uncertainty indicators. The method for determining the membership function and the marginal confidence level, which characterize the uncertainty of energy metering by the metering unit, is proposed. The mathematical modeling results are confirmed as adequate to the experimental data. The proposed model for estimating the measurement uncertainty allows estimating the level of underestimation and clarifying financial calculations between the seller and the buyer of electricity.

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of the mathematical model of electrical energy measurement uncertainty in reduced load mode

Kvasnikov

2022

EEJET

“…An https://www.indjst.org/ automatic electricity bill generating system and proper monitoring of each appliance is the need of the hour. Though various technologies/approaches have been developed to measure the power consumption more smartly compared to conventional meters (Electro-Mechanical Induction Type), which include, Electronic Energy Meters (1) and Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Energy Meters (2) , the proposed smart energy meters have been suffered in several aspects in one or other way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Energy Meter

Babu¹,

Kavya²,

Praneetha³

et al. 2022

IJST

Objectives: To present a Smart Energy Meter (SEM) that reduces errors effectively while generating the electricity bill. Methods: This SEM confluence of modern technology and existing electrical architecture, yet it is a lowcost device suitable for the Indian environment. The proposed SEM is only incorporated with a current sensor and other associated circuitry. Findings: A quantitative comparison between our SEM and other existing SEMs revealed that the proposed SEM is superior in the economy, circuit complexity, and accuracy. With mere Indian Rupees (INR) around 3k to 3.5k, it can be designed to be used. There is no complex circuitry associated with this proposed SEM. The accuracy of the proposed SEM is also comparable with the existing meters that it could attain up to 0.7-0.9 % accuracy. Novelty: The proposed system deals with the digitalization of the billing process with the help of sensors that are used to calculate the usage time of each household device. Subsequently, it alerts the user about the consumed units using a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module. An Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer Machine (ARM7) microcontroller continuously monitors the system, and the results can be viewed through a built-in Android App. A Wi-Fi module allows for continual data updates and control of home appliances. Achievements: The real-time solution for the overloading problem is provided in this research.

The Influence of Subsequent Harmonics of the Load Current on Errors of Electronic Energy Meters

Kampik,

Skórkowski,

Pecyna

et al. 2024

Energies

In the electrical installations of buildings, there is an increasing number of non-linear energy receivers, which introduce strong distortions of the load current of electronic energy meters. Since the readings of these meters are the basis for financial settlements of electricity consumers, it is very important to determine how much the distortion of the receiver current affects the correct operation of commonly used electronic energy meters. The article will present exemplary results and analyses of research work on the impact of individual current harmonics on the readings and errors of selected energy meters.