“…Furthermore, it is because the inevitable gap between the superior complex products that investors desire and the exploitative complex products that are provided by financial institutions has actually triggered a multitude of market failures, such as impaired disclosures, moral hazards, service paralysis, and fraud (Schwarcz, ). This behavior also makes a global financial crisis inevitable (Brunnermeier & Oehmke, ; Lipshaw, ; Ghent, Torous, & Valkanov, ; Judge, ; Datz, ; Fahad & Laura, ). In response to this immense fragility and shock to the financial system that is caused by excessive complexity, adequately regulating financial complexity is undoubtedly the greatest challenge of modern financial markets.…”