The Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Outbreaks in Australia, 2001–2016

Ford, Laura; Moffatt, Cameron; Fearnley, Emily; Miller, Megge; Gregory, Joy; Sloan-Gardner, Timothy; Polkinghorne, Ben; Bell, Robert H.; Franklin, Neil; Williamson, Deborah A; Glass, Kathryn; Kirk, Martyn

doi:10.3389/fsufs.2018.00086

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The majority (84%) of reported foodborne Salmonella spp. outbreaks in Australia between 2001 and 2016 were attributed to S. Typhimurium, while only 1% of these outbreaks were related to S. Infantis [32]. Although human cases associated with S. Infantis are not as common as those associated with S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis has emerged as the fourth most common serovar causing human salmonellosis in Europe in 2014 [33].…”

Section: Diversity Of Salmonella Subtypes Recovered From Environmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Table Egg Layer Farming Environments in Western Australia and Insights into Biosecurity and Egg Handling Practices

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of Salmonella in commercial layer farming environments of 26 flocks belonging to seven egg businesses (free-range and barn-laid) in Western Australia (WA). Between November 2017 and June 2018, a total of 265 environmental samples of dust, feed, water, pooled feces, and boot swabs were tested for detection of Salmonella according to standard culture-based methods. Isolates were assayed for serovar and subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Salmonella spp. were recovered from 35% (93/265) of all tested samples. Dust (53.8%, 28/52) and pooled fecal (54.5%, 18/33) samples provided the highest Salmonella recovery rates. Nine different Salmonella serovars were characterized across the positive (n = 93) environmental samples, of which S. Typhimurium (60/93, 64.5%) and S. Infantis (21/93, 22.5%) were the most prevalent. MLST revealed that all S. Typhimurium isolates were of sequence type ST-19. Microbiological screening of Salmonella was not routinely practiced in any of the surveyed egg businesses. Some of the egg businesses exhibited variable levels of compliance with basic biosecurity measures as well as high-risk egg handling practices. Egg businesses in WA should be encouraged to adopt a voluntary program of environmental sampling and verification testing for Salmonella. Such voluntary programs will aid in supporting solutions for the management of this pathogen in the human food chain.

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Section: Diversity Of Salmonella Subtypes Recovered From Environmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Table Egg Layer Farming Environments in Western Australia and Insights into Biosecurity and Egg Handling Practices

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the high incidence and case numbers, Campylobacter outbreaks remain less frequently reported in Australia (Unicomb et al, 2009;Moffatt et al, 2017a). This contrasts markedly with Salmonella enterica, another enteric pathogen of public health significance, responsible for *1000 outbreaks in Australia between 2001(Ford et al, 2018. Nevertheless, outbreak data contribute to our understanding of Campylobacter's epidemiology, showing food vehicles such as poultry-liver pâté have become an established cause of outbreaks internationally (Little et al, 2010;Lanier et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Australia, 2001 to 2016

Moffatt

Fearnley

Bell

et al. 2020

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Campylobacter spp. are a globally important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, with Australia experiencing higher rates of illness than many comparable high-income countries. Despite the high disease incidence, outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Australia are infrequently detected and reported. We examined the epidemiology of Campylobacter outbreaks in Australia, with particular emphasis on assessing transmission routes and evidence as reported during public health investigations. A national register of enteric and foodborne disease outbreaks was used to summarize data on all Campylobacter outbreaks reported in Australia between 2001 and 2016. Outbreak data were reviewed and analyzed for trends over time. Additional information was sought from state and territory epidemiologists, to validate transmission routes. A total of 84 Campylobacter outbreaks were reported, with 51 (61%) being classified as foodborne. Specific food vehicles were identified for 33 (65%) outbreaks, with 28 (85%) implicating chicken or chicken-containing dishes. Although no increase in the proportion of foodborne Campylobacter outbreaks was observed, examination of specific food vehicles demonstrated a significant increase in outbreaks because of poultry-liver containing foods (p = 0.04). One quarter of all 1042 outbreak-associated cases occurred in aged-care facilities (ACFs), including 17 associated hospitalizations and three deaths. After review of evidence data, 23 outbreaks (27%) were determined to have an unknown route of transmission, including 10 (43%) outbreaks occurring in ACFs. Campylobacter spp. remain a less commonly reported cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Australia. Although many reported outbreaks can be linked to foodborne transmission, over a quarter were unable to identify either a food vehicle or transmission source, particularly for outbreaks occurring in aged care. Increased efforts to improve evidence collection and understanding of transmission dynamics for outbreaks of campylobacteriosis, particularly in aged care, are required.

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“…Microbiological analysis showed that 67.7% of samples in the current study were negative for all investigated bacteria; from a minority (4.4%) though Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated. This serovar in turn is among the most prevalent causing gastroenteritis in humans (FERNANDES et al, 2006;EFSA-ECDC, 2017), and outbreaks related to RTE foods, including salami, have been reported (COWDEN et al, 1989;CDC, 2018;FORD et al, 2018). In Brazil, there are relatively little epidemiological data on Salmonella outbreaks (TAVECHIO et al, 2002;GEIMBA et al, 2004), although this pathogen ranks first in terms of official data (BRASIL, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus from salami sold at street fairs in Porto Alegre, Brazil

et al. 2019

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Salami is a ready-to-eat (RTE) product frequently purchased at street fairs in Porto Alegre. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) are important causes of foodborne disease and can be transmitted through the consumption of RTE foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of these pathogens in salami sold at street fairs. Ninety salami samples from three commercial brands available at street fairs were analyzed by routine bacteriological methods for Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp., as well as enumeration of CPS. In addition, two samples from each commercial brand were analyzed for water activity (aw). Samples of brand A showed aw values (0.938 and 0.942) above those set by the legislation, while brand B (0.849 and 0.860) and brand C (0.826 and 0.854) were compliant. Microbiological analyses showed that 67.7% were negative to all investigated bacteria. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from 4.4% (4/90) of salami samples, all from commercial brand A. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 3.3% (3/90) of samples, from commercial brands B and C. Moreover, 7.7% (7/90) of samples contained CPS populations non-compliant with legislation. Although the great majority of salami sold at street fairs of Porto Alegre was compliant with standards, S. enterica, L. monocytogenes, and CPS ≥ 5 × 103 cfu.g-1 could be found in this RTE product. Therefore, control measures in the processing industry and consumer’s education about foodborne illness prevention should be maintained.

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The Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Outbreaks in Australia, 2001–2016

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Table Egg Layer Farming Environments in Western Australia and Insights into Biosecurity and Egg Handling Practices

Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Table Egg Layer Farming Environments in Western Australia and Insights into Biosecurity and Egg Handling Practices

Characteristics of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Australia, 2001 to 2016

Isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus from salami sold at street fairs in Porto Alegre, Brazil

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