The Epidemiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Five US Communities

Karno, Marvin

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006

Cited by 1,157 publications

(654 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, several clinical studies have reported an oversampling of male subjects (Hanna, 1995). Although some have argued that this phenomenon reflects a treatment-seeking bias, our findings suggest that this may not be the case, since several epidemiological studies reported a similar pattern of preponderance (Flament et Karno et al (1988) described a moderate association between OCD and lower job status in their Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) based study, the association of mental disorder with unemployment was not found to be specific for OCD.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Although earlier studies were unable to find significant differences between the number and type of comorbid psychiatric disorders found in OCD and those observed in other disorders (Karno et al, 1988), more careful analyses indicated that some particularities associated with OCD. Nestadt et al (1998) found the lifetime prevalence of other psychiatric disorders to be higher in subjects with incident OCD than in individuals with major depression or phobias.…”

Section: Psychiatric Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Patients being treated for OCD in several countries are less likely to be married than their non-afflicted counterparts (Fontenelle et al, 2004) Karno et al (1988) found that OCD was more prevalent among divorced or separated subjects than among those who were married or single. Nevertheless, for each psychiatric disorder examined, marital status (divorce or separated) was also a significant correlate, suggesting that this status was not specific for OCD.…”

Section: Marital Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For examples, although Karno et al (1988) reported that the ECA prevalence of OCD among college graduates was higher than that among those with some college education, the pattern was reversed for high school education, such that the prevalence of OCD among people who had graduated from high school was lower than that of subjects who had completed some high school. Similarly, Guerrero et al (2003) found that the lower the main wage earners' education, the higher the rate of OCD among children and adolescents in Hawaii.…”

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The analytical epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Risk factors and correlates

Fontenelle

Hasler²

2008

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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In this qualitative systematic review, we evaluate studies of the demographic, innate, and environmental risk factors and correlates associated with the development of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in epidemiological samples. We found that a significant proportion of the studies indicate that late adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of OCD; that OCD affects predominantly female adults and male children and adolescents; that those who are unmarried or abusing drugs are more likely to present with OCD; that OCD is a familial and genetic disorder, particularly when one considers symptom dimensions instead of categorical diagnosis and when the disorder begins at an early age; and that individuals with OCD from the community, like those seen in clinical settings, may be especially prone to present psychiatric conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are plenty of data on the correlates and risk factors of OCD in epidemiological samples, more research is needed on other potential risk factors, including obstetrical and pregnancy problems, pre-morbid neurocognitive functioning, and streptococcal infections, among others.

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Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Psychiatric Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Marital Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The analytical epidemiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Risk factors and correlates

Fontenelle

Hasler²

2008

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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“…OCD affects 1% to 3% of the pediatric population (Karno, Golding, Sorenson, & Burnam, 1988;Ruscio, Stein, Chiu, & Kessler, 2010), and poses a considerable emotional burden to relatives and caregivers of patients (Grover & Dutt, 2011;Ramos-Cerqueira, Torres, Torresan, Negreiros, & Vitorino, 2008;Steketee, 1997;Stengler-Wenzke, Trosbach, Dietrich, & Angermeyer, 2004a), resulting in a markedly decreased subjective quality of life in these relatives (Grover & Dutt, 2011;Stengler-Wenzke, Kroll, Matschinger, & Angermeyer, 2006). OCD has well-documented and unique impacts on family functioning, primarily related to parental accommodation of symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder: The Process of Parental Adaptation and Implications for Genetic Counseling

Andrighetti

Semaka

Stewart

et al. 2015

Journal of Genetic Counseling

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has primarily pediatric onset and well-documented unique impacts on family functioning. Limited research has assessed the understanding that parents of children with OCD have of the etiology of the condition, and there are no data regarding potential applications of genetic counseling for this population. We recruited 13 parents of 13 children diagnosed with OCD from the OCD Registry at British Columbia Children's Hospital, and conducted qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews to explore participants' experiences with their child's OCD, causal attributions of OCD, and perceptions of two genetic counseling vignettes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using elements of grounded theory qualitative methodology. Analysis revealed key components and contextual elements of the process through which parents adapt to their child's OCD. This adaptation process involved conceptualizing the meaning of OCD, navigating its impact on family dynamics, and developing effective illness management strategies. Adaptation took place against a backdrop of stigmatization and was shaped by participants' family history of mental illness and their child's specific manifestations of OCD. Parents perceived genetic counseling, as described in the vignettes, as being empowering, alleviating guilt and blame, and positively impacting treatment orientation. These data provide insight into the process of parental adaptation to pediatric OCD, and suggest that genetic counseling services for families affected by OCD may help facilitate adaptation to this illness.

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