The Epidemiology of Longevity and Exceptional Survival

Newman, Anne B.; Murabito, Joanne M.

doi:10.1093/epirev/mxs013

Cited by 104 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…An improved understanding of this heterogeneity has been facilitated by objective measurements of physical and cognitive function. Such measurements have led to better stratification of elders; from frail residents of long-term care facilities, to successfully aging community dwellers (16, 31, 153, 173–177). Thus, we have been proponents for the integration of immunity with other domains of function (32).…”

Section: Nk-like T Cell Subsets Are Bioindicators Of Successful Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging

2016

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The fundamental challenge of aging and long-term survivorship is maintenance of functional independence and compression of morbidity despite a life history of disease. Inasmuch as immunity is a determinant of individual health and fitness, unraveling novel mechanisms of immune homeostasis in late life is of paramount interest. Comparative studies of young and old persons have documented age-related atrophy of the thymus, the contraction of diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and the intrinsic inefficiency of classical TCR signaling in aged T cells. However, the elderly have highly heterogeneous health phenotypes. Studies of defined populations of persons aged 75 and older have led to the recognition of successful aging, a distinct physiologic construct characterized by high physical and cognitive functioning without measurable disability. Significantly, successful agers have a unique T cell repertoire; namely, the dominance of highly oligoclonal αβT cells expressing a diverse array of receptors normally expressed by NK cells. Despite their properties of cell senescence, these unusual NK-like T cells are functionally active effectors that do not require engagement of their clonotypic TCR. Thus, NK-like T cells represent a beneficial remodeling of the immune repertoire with advancing age, consistent with the concept of immune plasticity. Significantly, certain subsets are predictors of physical/cognitive performance among older adults. Further understanding of the roles of these NK-like T cells to host defense, and how they integrate with other physiologic domains of function are new frontiers for investigation in Aging Biology. Such pursuits will require a research paradigm shift from the usual young-versus-old comparison to the analysis of defined elderly populations. These endeavors may also pave way to age-appropriate, group-targeted immune interventions for the growing elderly population.

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Section: Nk-like T Cell Subsets Are Bioindicators Of Successful Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging

2016

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“…1 Despite this rapid increase, exceptional longevity is still considered a rare phenomenon. 2 Factors predisposing to a long lifespan in women are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ages at menarche and menopause and reproductive lifespan as predictors of exceptional longevity in women: the Women's Health Initiative

et al. 2017

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Objective To investigate associations between reproductive factors and survival to age 90 years. Methods This was a prospective study of postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative recruited from 1993-1998 and followed until the last outcomes evaluation on August 29, 2014. Participants included 16,251 women born on or before August 29, 1924 for whom survival to age 90 during follow-up was ascertained. Women were classified as having survived to age 90 (exceptional longevity) or died before age 90. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of ages at menarche and menopause (natural or surgical) and reproductive lifespan with longevity, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive characteristics. Results Participants were on average aged 74.7 years (range, 69-81 years) at baseline. Of 16,251 women, 8,892 (55%) survived to age 90. Women aged ≥12 years at menarche had modestly increased odds of longevity (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.19). There was a significant trend toward increased longevity for later age at menopause (natural or surgical; Ptrend =0.01), with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.19 (1.04-1.36) and 1.18 (1.02-1.36) for 50-54 and ≥55 compared with <40 years, respectively. Later age at natural menopause as a separate exposure was also significantly associated with increased longevity (Ptrend =0.02). Longer reproductive lifespan was significantly associated with increased longevity (Ptrend=0.008). The odds of longevity were 13% (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25) higher in women with >40 compared with <33 reproductive years. Conclusions Reproductive characteristics were associated with late-age survival in older women.

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“…Among the exceptionally aged, age-associated disease onset and physical and mental decline occur much later [5]. In the genetically isolated population of Okinawa, Japan, people grow exceptionally old.…”

Section: Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk factors in elderly : With special emphasis on atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes

Rådholm¹

2015

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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The Epidemiology of Longevity and Exceptional Survival

Cited by 104 publications

References 124 publications

Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging

Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging

Ages at menarche and menopause and reproductive lifespan as predictors of exceptional longevity in women: the Women's Health Initiative

Cardiovascular risk factors in elderly : With special emphasis on atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes

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