The epidemiology of heat-related deaths, Texas--1950, 1970-79, and 1980.

Greenberg, Jerome H.; Bromberg, Julie E.; Reed, Chris; Gustafson, T.; Beauchamp, R.A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.73.7.805

Cited by 81 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Prior investigations have evaluated the relationship between temperature and mortality and mortality subsequent to heat waves; they suggested that temperature is positively associated with mortality, and that mortality significantly increased after heat waves, particularly for elderly persons (2)(3)(4)17,(24)(25)(26). For example, a 1.8°F increase in temperature was associated with a 1% (95% CI, 0.4-2.1) increase in allcause mortality and a 3% (95% CI, 0.1-6.0) increase in respiratory mortality in Christchurch, New Zealand [adapted from Hales et al (24)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exposure assessment study of ambient heat exposure in an elderly population in Baltimore, Maryland.

Basu

Samet

2002

Environ Health Perspect

115

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Because of concern for heat-related mortality in vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly, practical epidemiologic methods are needed for the assessment of ambient heat exposure on individuals. We used a personal monitor to measure body temperature, ambient temperature, heart rate, and activity level of 42 elderly residents of Baltimore, Maryland, in the summer months of 2000. Each participant was monitored for approximately 48 hr to examine the association between ambient temperature and body temperature, using regression methods that account for highly correlated data within individuals. We also examined the associations of Baltimore temperature data with personal ambient temperature and body temperature. An average 0.15 degrees F [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05-0.25] increase in median body temperature was found for each 1 degrees F increase in median ambient temperature. Heart rate and activity level were not found to be related to body temperature or ambient temperature, although heart rate was associated with activity level. Median heart rate increased an average of 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13-0.21) beats per minute for every unit increase in median activity level. Personal ambient temperature was slightly lower than Baltimore temperatures, whereas an association was not found between body temperature and Baltimore temperatures. The protocol established in this study for heat exposure assessment could feasibly be applied on a larger scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive ambient heat exposures result in significant mortality to vulnerable populations (1)(2)(3)(4). The elderly and young children may not be able to thermoregulate efficiently because of their higher sweating thresholds, thus increasing the risk of life-threatening consequences when their body temperatures rise (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

An exposure assessment study of ambient heat exposure in an elderly population in Baltimore, Maryland.

Basu

Samet

2002

Environ Health Perspect

115

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“…Social and economic factors have been shown to influence mortality during periods of excessive heat (Greenberg et al 1983;McGeehin et al 2001;Browning et al 2006). A logical next stage in the study of the effect of heat events on mortality in Washington State would be to consider socioeconomic factors that shape exposure to heat and mitigation of the effects of heat, in particular, race/ethnicity, income and occupation.…”

Section: Research Gaps and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The groups at greatest risk include the following: children, due to slower adaptation during exercise (AAP 2000); the elderly, due to changes in the physiological ability to maintain normal body temperature (Borrell et al 2006;Basu et al 2005;CDC 2005); poor and socially isolated populations, due to less access to mitigation measures (Greenberg et al 1983;McGeehin et al 2001;Browning et al 2006); some urban dwellers, due to heat island effects and lack of vegetation (Grimmond and Oke 1999;DeGaetano and Allen 2002); outdoor laborers, due to extended exposures and lack of access to drinking water and shade (Greenberg et al 1983; WA Dept Labor and Industries 2008); people with chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, heart disease), due to increased vulnerability to sustained heat (Medina-Ramon et al 2006); and the mentally ill, due to behavioral factors and the effects of psychoactive medications (Kaiser et al 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health impacts of climate change in Washington State: projected mortality risks due to heat events and air pollution

et al. 2010

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C limate change is likely to have serious and long-term consequences for public health. Among these are illness and mortality related to heat and worsening air quality In this study we examined the historical relationship between age-and cause-specific mortality rates and heat events at the 99 th percentile of humidex values in the greater Seattle area (King, Pierce and Snohomish counties), Spokane County, the Tri-Cities (Benton and Franklin counties) and Yakima County from 1980 through 2006; the relative risk of mortality during heat events compared with more temperate periods were then applied to population and climate projections for Washington State to calculate number of deaths above the baseline expected to occur during projected heat events in 2025, 2045 and 2085. We also estimated excess deaths due to ground-level ozone concentrations for mid century (2045)(2046)(2047)(2048)(2049)(2050)(2051)(2052)(2053)(2054) in King and Spokane counties. Estimates were based on current (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) ozone measurements and mid-21 st century ozone projections, using estimates from the scientific literature to determine the effect of ozone on overall and cardiopulmonary mortality. For the historical heat analysis, relative risks derived for the greater Seattle area showed a significant dose-response relationship between duration of the heat event and the daily mortality rate for non-traumatic deaths for persons aged 45 and above, typically peaking at four days of exposure to humidex values above the 99 th percentile. Three different warming scenarios were considered, including high, low and moderate estimates. In the greater Seattle area, the largest number of excess deaths in all years and scenarios was predicted for persons aged 65 and above. Under the middle scenario, this age group is expected to have 96 excess deaths in 2025, 148 excess deaths in 2045 and 266 excess deaths in 2085 from all non-traumatic causes. Daily maximum 8 hour ozone concentrations are forecasted to be 16-28% higher in the mid 21 st century [1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006]. We estimated that the total non-traumatic ozone mortality rate by mid-century for King County would increase from baseline (0.026 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval 0.013-0.038) to 0.033 (0.017-0.049). For the same health outcome in Spokane County, the baseline period rate was 0.058 (0.030-0.085) and increased to 0.068 (0.035 -0.100) by mid-century. The cardiopulmonary death rate per 100,000 due to ozone was estimated to increase from 0.011 (0.005-0.017) to 0.015 (0.007-0.022) in King County, and from 0.027 (0.013-0.042) to 0.032 (0.015-0.049) in Spokane County. Public health interventions aimed at protecting Washington's population from excessive heat and increased ozone concentrations will become increasingly important for preventing deaths, especially among older adults. Furthermore, heat and air quality related illnesses that do not result in death, but are serious nevertheless, may be r...

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Because AC can protect people from heat-related mortality 1,6 and access to AC and resources to use it may differ by race, we evaluated whether AC played a role in previously reported racial disparities in heatrelated mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities by Race in Heat-Related Mortality in Four US Cities: The Role of Air Conditioning Prevalence

OʼNeill

Zanobetti

Schwartz

2005

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Me

388

222

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The epidemiology of heat-related deaths, Texas--1950, 1970-79, and 1980.

Cited by 81 publications

References 8 publications

An exposure assessment study of ambient heat exposure in an elderly population in Baltimore, Maryland.

An exposure assessment study of ambient heat exposure in an elderly population in Baltimore, Maryland.

Public health impacts of climate change in Washington State: projected mortality risks due to heat events and air pollution

Disparities by Race in Heat-Related Mortality in Four US Cities: The Role of Air Conditioning Prevalence

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