The Epidemiology of Depression and Diabetes

Depression and Glycemic Control in a Sample of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Self-report inventories are also less specific measures of depression, as elevated scores may be produced not only by depression but also by anxiety, general emotional distress, or medical illness. Like many other studies [6][7][8]20 we have found patients with more depressive symptoms mostly females, less educated, with higher FBG, HbA 1 c, more disturbed metabolic profile, and more insulin users. however age, smoking, longer duration of diabetes, and diabetic related complications which have been found as risk factors for depression in diabetic patients, 6 don't be confirmed through our findings.…”

“…18 Although there many demographic, and clinical variables could influence glycemic control, the adjustment of this observed relationship for various demographic and clinical variables had weakened the relation but not eliminate it, after full adjustment only the major depressive disorder (MDD), and BDI scores higher than 25, but not the full range, were significant predictors for higher HbA1c (p= 0.034, and 0.046 respectively), which come in concordance with IDEA Tel study on elderly patients which found a significant correlation between depression and HbA1c at base line and a trend for depression to predict HbA1c when other factors were controlled. 7 this adjusted results stands between the studies who found positive relation between depression and glycemic control 6,13 and those don't found such like relation, 3,19 and as well goes consistent with the findings of the large meta-analysis 18 which found that the association between depression and glycemic control was larger when standardized interviews and diagnostic criteria rather than self-report questionnaires were used to assess depression (ES 0.28 vs. 0.15). Perhaps because this relationship might be stronger in patients with clinical rather than subclinical depression.…”

Risk of depression in diabetes is highest for young persons using oral anti‐diabetic agents

“…A clinical study of 458 patients with Type 1 diabetes reported an almost double frequency in use of antidepressant agents compared with adults without diabetes, and that women had a significant higher frequency than men [7]. A recent review on depression and diabetes calls for further epidemiological studies on the risk of depression, particularly in older patients [8]. We used data on prescription of antidepressants and anti‐diabetic agents as a proxy for disease to investigate if the risk of depression in diabetes differed for different types of treatment for the diabetes, and to see if there were substantial effects of age and gender.…”

Psychosocial support for people with diabetes: past, present and future

“…Many describe how diabetes is controlling their lives yet feel unable or unmotivated to change. This is compounded by a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms which occur 2–3 times more frequently in people with diabetes than the general population [3,4].…”