The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care. The Zona Franca Cohort Study in Barcelona, Spain

Baena-Díez, José Miguel; Vidal-Solsona, Marc; Byram, Alice O.; González-Casafont, Isabel; Ledesma-Ulloa, Gabriela; Martí-Sans, Núria

doi:10.1016/s1885-5857(10)70251-6

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this study, approximately two thirds of the cases were asymptomatic, in accordance with the results reported from other studies. 10e12 The incidence of PAD in this study was similar to that reported by Baena-Díez et al 17 and considerably less than that observed by Merino et al 16 (Table 6), both studies that were carried out in an urban Mediterranean area. The study by Merino et al was undertaken 10 years before this study and included only men aged 55e74 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Some of the studies used questionnaires only, 9,14 whereas others also included objective measurements such as ABI 10,11,15e17 or even arteriography. 17 This is relevant, as most of the cases are asymptomatic and would not be detected by questionnaires. In this study, approximately two thirds of the cases were asymptomatic, in accordance with the results reported from other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have assessed the incidence of PAD in different Western populations 9e15 and specifically in the Mediterranean area. 16,17 The reported incidence of PAD ranges from 530 to 2,380 per 100,000 person years depending on the population, screening test, age range, and sex. 9,16 It was hypothesized that the incidence of PAD in the Girona province of northeastern Spain is also lower than in other populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population-based Cohort. The REGICOR Study

Velescu

Clarà

Peñafiel

et al. 2016

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population-based Cohort. The REGICOR Study

Velescu

Clarà

Peñafiel

et al. 2016

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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“…8 Note also that HF is already highly comorbid with cerebrovascular disease. 9 Vascular damage such as white matter lesions secondary to cardiovascular risk factors may occur in tandem with or independently of direct brain insults due to HF. AHF patients with arrhythmias, valvulopathies, and heart wall disorders are also prone to cerebral insult secondary to cardiogenic emboli.…”

Section: In the Ahf Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent cerebral hypoperfusion may alter oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain, increasing the likelihood for cognitive deterioration in a clinical portrait of vascular dementia 8 . Note also that HF is already highly comorbid with cerebrovascular disease 9 . Vascular damage such as white matter lesions secondary to cardiovascular risk factors may occur in tandem with or independently of direct brain insults due to HF.…”

Section: In the Ahf Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Its Implications on Decision-Making Capacity

Gaviria

Pliskin

Kney

2011

Congestive Heart Failure

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Cognitive impairment (CI) is a multifaceted entity that entails more than just memory loss. Deficits in other domains, most importantly executive function, can have profound effects on health outcomes in afflicted patients. The prevalence of CI among the heart failure population is exceedingly high, and even higher so among patients with advanced heart failure (AHF). These patients display consistent declines in memory, attention, psychomotor abilities, and executive function. Such deficits interfere with patients' abilities to recognize worsening symptoms, adhere to complex medication regimens, and make sound decisions pertaining to medical care. Regular evaluation of cognitive status using instruments such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a fast, reliable method that allows physicians who treat patients with AHF to anticipate these obstacles to treatment and act accordingly. Referral for more comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation should be considered for patients with unexplained declines from baseline, legal determination of competence, and for heart transplant or ventricular assist device placement candidates.

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Commentary on ‘Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population Based Cohort. The REGICOR Study’

Norgren

2016

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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While the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is increasing globally, both in high, middle and low income countries, 1 this Spanish report from the Girona region shows the lowest incidence of PAD reported so far, 377/100,000 person years. 2 This author group has previously reported a PAD prevalence of 4.5% in the REGICOR study population, 3 while Baena-Diez 4 showed a corresponding incidence of 484/100,000 person years. These studies included men and women in the same age range (35e79 and 35e84 years of age, respectively). Interestingly, however, Merino 5 in a study from a corresponding Mediterranean area, including only the male population, 55e74 years of age, found an incidence of PAD of 2380/100,000 person years. Whether this great difference is only based on the age differences may be discussed, as the latter study did not include the oldest group (75e84 years), and also excluded the youngest population (35e54 years). Another explanation, the exclusion of the female population, also creates some doubt, as a male predominance is seen in the present paper, while other recent reports claim equality between genders or even a higher female incidence. 6 Likewise, all PAD, except intermittent claudication was shown to be more prevalent in women than in men in a Swedish study. 7 Previously reported data from the REGICOR study have shown a low incidence of myocardial infarction, despite a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. 8 The present study points out the important role of the well known risk factors, specifically smoking and poorly controlled diabetes, the former as a higher risk in the older population, the latter at an earlier stage.The educational level is reported, but not discussed. Socioeconomic factors including educational level are known to be of importance. 9e11 The present material includes more than 50% with higher than elementary school education. Comparisons with other reports would be interesting as well as a study on covariation between risk factors and the educational level.The authors make a comment that almost 28% of the cohort was only followed up based on clinical records. There is no information on what proportion of subjects were complete "nonresponders". An underestimation of the incidence of PAD cannot be ruled out. However, from this and other studies it seems reasonable to conclude that the annual incidence of PAD is lower in the investigated Mediterranean region, despite a risk factor magnitude similar to the one found in other investigated areas. Comments on possible "preventive" factors would be of interest.

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The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care. The Zona Franca Cohort Study in Barcelona, Spain

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population-based Cohort. The REGICOR Study

Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population-based Cohort. The REGICOR Study

Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Its Implications on Decision-Making Capacity

Commentary on ‘Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population Based Cohort. The REGICOR Study’

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