2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2009.03.003
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The Epidemiology, Etiology, Clinical Features, and Natural History of Emphysema

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Cited by 46 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…Emphysema is one of the major pathological manifestations of COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which causes high and still-increasing morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide [1]. Closely associated with chronic cigarette smoking, this disease develops moderate-to-severe shortness of breath (dyspnea), resulting in physical and functional disability and eventually death, due to the progressive destruction and loss of the alveolar septa and the abnormal airspace enlargement in the lung [2,3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Emphysema is one of the major pathological manifestations of COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which causes high and still-increasing morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide [1]. Closely associated with chronic cigarette smoking, this disease develops moderate-to-severe shortness of breath (dyspnea), resulting in physical and functional disability and eventually death, due to the progressive destruction and loss of the alveolar septa and the abnormal airspace enlargement in the lung [2,3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Emphysema is characterized by a destructive process of the lung parenchyma resulting in permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. It is caused by cigarette smoking and associated with inhalation of smoke and dust [4]. This condition is also one of the main types of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as classified by the Global Initiative of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [5] (GOLD).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Treatment can slow its progression, but it cannot be cured. The emphysema subgroup is characterized by progressive alveolar damage and loss of alveolar structure, particularly alveolar tetherings [2]. The net effect is reduced surface area for gas exchange but also pressure-dependent airway collapse.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%