The Enzymic Formation of Thiocyanate (SCN-) from a Precursor(s) in Brassica Species.

Gmelin, Rolf; Virtanen, Artturi I.; Tweit, Robert C.; Dodson, R. M.

doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.14-0507

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Further, a non-volatile ionic thiocyanate (SCN − ) is normally produced from the sinalbin GSL known to be present in S. alba roots, or from the unstable sinalbin hydrolysed ITC 4-hydroxybenzyl (Gmelin and Virtanen 1960;Kawakishi and Muramatsu 1966). Since SCN − is toxic to various microorganisms (Brown and Morra 1997), this may also have affected the pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassicaceae cover crops reduce Aphanomyces pea root rot without suppressing genetic potential of microbial nitrogen cycling

et al. 2015

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Aims Brassicaceae cover crops can be used to suppress soil-borne pathogens. The aim was to investigate the effect of different brassicas with different glucosinolate profiles on the development of Aphanomyces pea root rot in subsequent pea plants, and the genetic potential of free-living N 2 -fixing bacteria and ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) performing key soil ecosystem services. Methods The Brassicaceae species Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba and non-Brassicaceae species Secale cereale were grown for 11-weeks in Aphanomyces euteiches infested soil at low and high nitrogen (N) fertiliser doses. After removing both shoots and roots of the cover crops, peas were grown as a bioassay to evaluate Aphanomyces pea root rot development. Soil was sampled before harvesting the cover crops and at the end of the bioassay. Volatile compounds were collected in the root-soil environment before harvesting the Brassicaceae cover crops to determine the concentration of isothiocyanates. The abundance of genes involved in N 2 -fixing bacteria and ammonia oxidation in AOA and AOB were assessed. Results Pea root rot disease severity was reduced in Brassicaceae grown soil at the high N fertiliser dose. This was associated with increased growth of the cover crops. The growth of Brassicaceae did not suppress the abundance of N-cycling microbial communities, but rather increased the AOB at the end of the bioassay, most likely due to increased N availability. The disease suppressive effect was higher with S. alba than with B. juncea, and this coincided with a more diverse composition and higher concentration of aliphatic ITCs released from S. alba roots. Fewer nodules were formed after the Brassicaceae crops, especially Sinapis alba. Conclusions Brassicaceae cover crops, particularly S. alba, can be used to control soil-borne pathogens without major side effects on the genetic potential of beneficial soil microorganisms involved in N cycling. However, less nodule formation after brassicas indicates an effect on rhizobium activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassicaceae cover crops reduce Aphanomyces pea root rot without suppressing genetic potential of microbial nitrogen cycling

et al. 2015

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“…Myrosinase solution was prepared from mustard seeds (S. alba L.) by the method of Neuberg and Wagner (29). SCN-originally present in the solution was removed by shaking the solution three times for 30 min with Dowex 2-X4 in the chloride form (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Variation of Indole Glucosinolates in Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.)

Elliott

Stowe

1971

Plant Physiol.

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The exceptionally high levels in woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) of three indolic goitrogens, namely glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and glucobrassicin-l-sulfonate, permit the facile study of their distribution in the plant and their changes during its development. Woad seeds contain as much as 0.23 % fresh weight of glucobrassicin but no other indole glucosinolate, while 1-week-old seedlings also contain substantial amounts of neoglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin-l-sulfonate in their shoots whether grown in the light or dark. The sulfonate is not found in roots, and light depresses neoglucobrassicin levels in shoots. Sterile root cultures synthesize glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin, and significant quantities of these were even found to be excreted by the roots of intact sterile seedlings in culture. This may explain the long known deleterious effect of woad and other cruciferous crops on subsequent plantings and the observation could be of ecological importance. Long term changes in levels of all three substances in the plant are similar and are compatible with earlier suggestions that the compounds could be auxin precursors at the time of flower stem elongation. Since sterile seedlings readily incorporate 3SO42-into indole glucosinolates and relative specific radioactivities suggest that glucobrassicin is the precursor of the other two compounds, pathways of goitrogen biosynthesis should be relatively easily determined in this material.In previous papers (9, 10) of the plant (e.g., during very rapid growth such as "bolting" of the flower shoot).Animal nutrition is influenced by indole glucosinolates due to the fact that the enzyme myrosinase (which is released from special cells in the plant tissues upon crushing) acts to release the goitrogenic thiocyanate ion from them (10, 41). In areas where large quantities of brassicaceous crops are eaten or fed to cows (which transfer part of the thiocyanate to their milk) these thiocyanate ions are at least partially responsible for endemic goiter in the human population (Ref. 28 and references therein).Finally, the distribution of indole glucosinolates in the plant kingdom has provided useful information for chemotaxonomic considerations (1 1. 31, 33).As the woad plant has exceptionally high levels of three indole glucosinolates, its study should cast light on these topics. We have examined the changes which occur in the levels of each of the indole glucosinolates in the shoots and roots of woad plants during germination, growth, and flowering. A similar study with the mustard plant (Sinapis alba L.) has recently been published by Bergmann (3). MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Material. Seeds of woad (l. tinctoria L.) were collected from plants which had flowered in Yale University's Marsh Botanic Garden in 1967 and had been stored at room temperature over the winter. The field-grown woad plants were obtained from the crop produced by sowing these seeds in the spring of 1968.For sterile culture, seeds were dissected out of the fruits, sterilized as described pr...

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“…Following this principle thioglucosides was measured as per Gmelin and Virtanen (1960). The thiocyanate thus produced was estimated by the method of Aldridge (1945) as modified by Michajlovskij and Langer (1958).…”

Section: Glucosinolates/thioglucosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta crentz</i>) on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine intake in rats

Chandra¹,

Ghosh²,

Mukhopadhyay³

et al. 2006

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a widely used common vegetable of Indian origin contains dietary goitrogens. Goitrogenic content, in vitro anti-thyroidal activity and in vivo antithyroid potential of fresh and cooked cassava of Indian origin in albino rats with and without iodine supplementation were evaluated in this study. In vitro inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO )activity was found with fresh and cooked cassava extract but the presence of extra iodide in the incubation media had shown reduction in such inhibition to an extent. Inhibition constant (IC 50 ) and PTU equivalence of fresh cassava were 42.5 ± 1.35µg and 2.21 respectively. After consumption, cyanogenic constituents in cassava are metabolized to thiocyanate and iodine-retaining capacity seems to be dependent on thiocyanate exposure. In cassava fed rats, the urinary iodine concentration resembled the state of adequate iodine nutriture but thyroid gland fails to utilize available iodine. Increased thyroid weight (P < 0.001), inhibited thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity and reduced thyroid hormone profiles (P < 0.001) were noted in fresh and cooked cassava fed rats, resembling a relative state of morphological as well as biochemical hypothyroidism even in presence of adequate iodine.

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The Enzymic Formation of Thiocyanate (SCN-) from a Precursor(s) in Brassica Species.

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Brassicaceae cover crops reduce Aphanomyces pea root rot without suppressing genetic potential of microbial nitrogen cycling

Brassicaceae cover crops reduce Aphanomyces pea root rot without suppressing genetic potential of microbial nitrogen cycling

Distribution and Variation of Indole Glucosinolates in Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.)

Effect of cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta crentz</i>) on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine intake in rats

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