The Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Shows Its Toxic Side within Insects: Expression of Genes Encoding Secondary Metabolites during Pathogenesis

Pedrini, Nicolás

doi:10.3390/jof8050488

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, by 48 h, the conidia may transform into hyphae [ 57 ], stimulating the cellular responses and recruiting prohemocytes to differentiate into granulocytes and oenocytoids. In addition, secondary metabolites such as beauvericin and destruxin might immuno-suppress the insects [ 63 ]. Fan et al [ 64 ] observed that destruxins cause apoptosis of hemocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity

et al. 2023

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Background Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people. Chemical insecticides are currently employed against mosquitoes. However, many cases of insecticide resistance have been reported. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have demonstrated potential as a bioinsecticide. Here, we assessed the invasion of the EPF Beauveria bassiana into Aedes aegypti larvae and changes in the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) as a proxy for the general activation of the insect innate immune system. In addition, other cellular and humoral responses were evaluated. Methods Larvae were exposed to blastospores or conidia of B. bassiana CG 206. After 24 and 48 h, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted on the larvae. The hemolymph was collected to determine changes in total hemocyte concentration (THC), the dynamics of hemocytes, and to observe hemocyte-fungus interactions. In addition, the larvae were macerated to assess the activity of PO using L-DOPA conversion, and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) was measured using quantitative Real-Time PCR. Results Propagules invaded mosquitoes through the midgut, and blastopores were detected inside the hemocoel. Both propagules decreased the THC regardless of the time. By 24 h after exposure to conidia the percentage of granulocytes and oenocytoids increased while the prohemocytes decreased. By 48 h, the oenocytoid percentage increased significantly (P < 0.05) in larvae exposed to blastospores; however, the other hemocyte types did not change significantly. Regardless of the time, SEM revealed hemocytes adhering to, and nodulating, blastospores. For the larvae exposed to conidia, these interactions were observed only at 48 h. Irrespective of the propagule, the PO activity increased only at 48 h. At 24 h, cathepsin B was upregulated by infection with conidia, whereas both propagules resulted in a downregulation of cecropin and defensin A. At 48 h, blastospores and conidia increased the expression of defensin A suggesting this may be an essential AMP against EPF. Conclusion By 24 h, B. bassiana CG 206 occluded the midgut, reduced THC, did not stimulate PO activity, and downregulated AMP expression in larvae, all of which allowed the fungus to impair the larvae to facilitate infection. Our data reports a complex interplay between Ae. aegypti larvae and B. bassiana CG 206 demonstrating how this fungus can infect, affect, and kill Ae. aegypti larvae. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, secondary metabolites such as beauvericin and destruxin might immuno-suppress the insects [63]. Fan et al [64] observed that destruxins cause apoptosis of hemocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity

et al. 2023

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“…of culture broth from three strains of Hirsutella thompsonii FE Fisher (Ophiocordycipitaceae) caused 45–75% mortality to R. pomonella and C. capitata adults, at 48 h after oral application. Fungal secondary metabolites have antimicrobial properties and interfere with the immune response of insects (Pedrini, 2022). All these findings generally suggest that extracts of fungal inoculum hold promise for utilization in bait sprays in fruit fly management.…”

Section: Fruit Fly Management By Entomopathogenic Fungi (Epfs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes as biological control agents of tephritid fruit flies: current status and a future vision

Shaurub

2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Several fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) are invasive pests that damage the quality of fruits in horticultural crops and cause significant value losses worldwide.Management of fruit flies mainly depends on conventional insecticides. Unfortunately, the application of synthetic insecticides has caused environmental pollution, risks for humans and animals, and development of resistance. Furthermore, controlling fruit flies by applying synthetic insecticides is challenging because fruit containing third instars often fall from the tree -subsequently the larvae leave the decaying fruits and pupate in the soil. Consequently, both larvae and pupae are protected from surfaceapplied insecticides in fruits and soil. So, there is a pressing need for more eco-friendly and selective control measures with new modes of action. Among such measures are entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) and nematodes (EPNs). I gathered knowledge on past and present research about EPFs and EPNs as biocontrol agents against fruit flies to investigate approaches that may improve their capacities. I also highlighted several recommendations that may help future field studies on the suppression of fruit fly populations by EPFs and EPNs.

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“…(Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is one of the well-known EPFs and is wide spread throughout the world. It can infect and potentially control over 70 insect pests (Pedrini 2022). Also, B. bassiana-based products, accounting for about 34% of all commercial mycoinsecticides, are applied to manage agricultural pests' worldwide (Saruhan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Turkish Beauveria bassiana isolates for the management of the polyphagous planthopper, Orosanga japonica Melichar 1898 (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)

Erper

Türkkan

et al. 2022

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

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Background Entomopathogenic fungi are a potential biological control agent for many pests. In this study, 14 native Beauveria bassiana isolates were molecularly identified and assessed for their virulence and mortality against adults of the polyphagous planthopper Orosanga japonica, Melichar (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) a polyphagous sap-feeding insect, under laboratory conditions. Results Isolates obtained from naturally infected adults O. japonica were molecularly identified as B. bassiana by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer and 26S large subunit of ribosomal DNA. In the bioassay, the radial growth and sporulation of isolates significantly differed (P < 0.05). Concentration–time bioassays demonstrated that all isolates had a lethal effect on adult O. japonica at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia ml–1. The lethal times LT50 and LT90 values for each B. bassiana isolate, which indicate the time required to kill O. japonica, ranged between 2.44–3.19 and 3.78–5.01 days, respectively, at 20 °C, while their values were 1.74–2.76 and 2.76–4.10 days, respectively, at 25 °C depending on the native isolates. The concentration–mortality response showed a statistically significant difference between some isolates B. bassiana tested against adult O. japonica individuals (P < 0.05). With an LC50 value of 2.29 × 106 conidia ml–1, the lowest effective EPF isolate for O. japonica was KA-78-14. The isolates caused 100% adult mortality in O. japonica within five days, while the mortality in the control group was less than 10%. Conclusions These findings suggest that some B. bassiana isolates were more virulent on O. japonica and may play an important role in the biocontrol of O. japonica in Turkey.

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The Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Shows Its Toxic Side within Insects: Expression of Genes Encoding Secondary Metabolites during Pathogenesis

Cited by 28 publications

References 67 publications

Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity

Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity

Review of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes as biological control agents of tephritid fruit flies: current status and a future vision

Potential of Turkish Beauveria bassiana isolates for the management of the polyphagous planthopper, Orosanga japonica Melichar 1898 (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)

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