The entomofauna of the cones of spruce, <i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst. in Poland

Skrzypczyńska, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1982.tb02541.x

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In comparison with other studies (e.g. Bakke ; Skrzypczyńska , ; Koziol ), the number of species detected in the current study is considerably lower, especially considering the absence of parasitoids. Cocoons of parasitoids originating from C .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Although the dominance of C . strobilella among spruce cone pests had been reported in other studies (Zašev ; Král ; Skrzypczyńska ; Trosset and Roques ; Seifert et al. ; Kelbel ), C .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In general, the incidence of cone pests is highly variable. In some years, for example, catastrophic damage by K. strobi has been described (Bakke ; Skrzypczyńska ); while in other years, the species is scarcely detectable (Skrzypczyńska ). Conflicting results concerning abundance or damage have also been reported for P. abietina (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect pests of Norway spruce cones: incidences and altitude preferences with emphasis on Cydia strobilella (L.)

Modlinger

Holuša

Líška

2015

J Applied Entomology

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Pest species infesting spruce cones were identified from 109 locations approved for the collection of seed material in the Czech Republic. Four (occasionally five) cones were studied from each location, and 448 cones were examined in total. Each cone was assessed for external damage and was then cut open along the spine. The predominant pest species, Cydia strobilella, was detected in 65% of the cones, while the next most common species, Dioryctria abietella, was detected in 13% of the cones. Ernobius abietis, Eupithecia sp., and Thekopsora areolata were less numerous. Kaltenbachiola strobi and Megastigmus sp. were recorded sporadically. Most cones (68%) were infested with only one species. The maximum number of C. strobilella larvae detected in one cone was 13. Cone damage resulting from C. strobilella declined markedly with increasing elevation. Thus, cone infestation by C. strobilella was greater in those forest vegetation zones located in lowlands and uplands rather than in highlands and at lower mountain elevations. The number of cones without damage tended to increase with elevation, but infestation by D. abietella was unrelated to elevation. In some cases, C. strobilella damage to cones was severe. External markings on the cone (resin and deformation) cannot by themselves serve as reliable criteria for predicting C. strobilella infestation, although cones with such signs should be preferentially assessed when seed material is inspected.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Although the dominance of C . strobilella among spruce cone pests had been reported in other studies (Zašev ; Král ; Skrzypczyńska ; Trosset and Roques ; Seifert et al. ; Kelbel ), C .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insect pests of Norway spruce cones: incidences and altitude preferences with emphasis on Cydia strobilella (L.)

Modlinger

Holuša

Líška

2015

J Applied Entomology

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“…The insects obtained during the study were grouped according to the trophic associations as in the studies carried out by Skrzypczyńska (1982Skrzypczyńska ( , 1986. The following division into groups was adopted: -conophagous insects -whose larvae feed on various parts of cones, damage seed scales and seeds, -seminiphagous insects -whose larvae feed exclusively within seeds, High Tatra Mts.…”

Section: Cone Samples Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies [L]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) cone entomofauna in the Tatra National Park in association with the development of cones

Kozioł¹

2010

J. For. Sci.

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In the years 1987–1993 research aimed at the qualitative and quantitative composition of insects inhabiting the cones of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was carried out in the area of the Tatra National Park (Poland) for the first time. Approximately 72 thousand specimens of insects were obtained, representing 50 species from 8 orders. Kaltenbachiola strobi (Winn.), Plemeliella abietina Seitn. and Cydia strobilella L. were among the most frequently occurring species. The entomofauna of ripening, ripe and old, already lignified cones was determined, and among the insects found trophic groups were distinguished and, consequently, characterized by means of the following ecological indexes: constancy, dominance and species diversity. The qualitative and quantitative composition of spruce (P. abies) cone entomofauna was changing along with the development of the cones, due to the periods of occupancy and leaving the cones by species of varied bioecology. The entomofauna of ripe cones was characterized by higher species diversity (42 species) than that of ripening cones (25 species) and old cones (26 species).

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“…Tannin in scales cannot be the result of a plant anti-predator strategy against vertebrates, since tannin must be ingested to reduce protein absorption or cause other negative effects (Shimada and Saitoh 2003). Nevertheless, tannin in scales might serve as protection against seedor cone-feeding insects whose larvae have to penetrate inside the cone, such as Cydia strobilella (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and Resseliella piceae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), the most important insect seed-predators of spruce and fir respectively (Skrzypczýnska 1981(Skrzypczýnska , 1982.…”

Section: The Role Of Tanninsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Food choice of Eurasian red squirrels and concentrations of anti-predatory secondary compounds

et al. 2012

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a b s t r a c tSecondary metabolites (SMs) are organic compounds of low molecular mass that represent a vast chemical diversity. In plants, one of their preeminent roles is their repellent activity against predators. The Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) is one of the most important predators of conifer tree seeds in boreal and alpine forests in Europe. Its population dynamics and space use are strongly affected by the size of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seed-crops, but not by silver fir (Abies alba) seed-crops. Moreover, squirrel heavily feed on spruce seeds but tend to avoid fir seeds, although the latter has a higher seed-energy content per cone. We tested the hypothesis that a higher concentration of some SMs in fir than in spruce seeds and/or cone scales, the protective tissue of seeds, was related with squirrel feeding preferences. We determined terpene concentrations in the cyclohexane extract of seeds and scales by gas-chromatography-electron ionisation mass-spectrometry (GC/EI-MS), and measured the protein precipitation activity of tannin contained in spruce and fir seeds and scales. Of the nearly 300 separated chemical entities, only limonene, ␣-and ␤-pinene and myrcene occurred in all samples and their levels accounted for 80% or more of all cyclohexane-extractable materials of fir and for less than 50% of that of spruce. In fir, limonene was by far the most abundant compound, and fir scales had a 13 times higher concentration of ␣-pinene than spruce scales. Fir seeds had much higher limonene concentrations than fir scales and than seeds or scales of spruce. Tannin concentrations were higher in cone scales than in seeds, with no differences between the two tree species. This study suggests that high concentrations of limonene might reduce the feeding activity of red squirrels on fir seeds, and that the preferred spruce seeds had much lower monoterpene concentrations. Feeding trials using food items treated with different concentrations of limonene will be carried out to confirm this hypothesis.

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The entomofauna of the cones of spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Poland

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Insect pests of Norway spruce cones: incidences and altitude preferences with emphasis on Cydia strobilella (L.)

Insect pests of Norway spruce cones: incidences and altitude preferences with emphasis on Cydia strobilella (L.)

Variability of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) cone entomofauna in the Tatra National Park in association with the development of cones

Food choice of Eurasian red squirrels and concentrations of anti-predatory secondary compounds

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