The entero-insular axis and adipose tissue-related factors in the prediction of weight gain in humans

Mf, Hivert; Mf, Langlois; Ac, Carpentier

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803500

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…These divergent findings may be due to differences in study design (eg, intervention duration), severity of overweight, and weight loss (36), and confounders common in obese adults, such as smoking, alcohol use, medications, and comorbidities. To our knowledge, only one previous study in obese children has examined the relation between baseline leptin concentrations and weight loss (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Baseline leptin and leptin reduction predict improvements in metabolic variables and long-term fat loss in obese children and adolescents: a prospective study of an inpatient weight-loss program

Murer¹,

Knöpfli²,

Aeberli³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: It is unclear whether high plasma leptin in obese individuals represents leptin resistance or whether individuals with marked reductions in leptin concentrations in response to weight loss may be at greater risk of regaining weight. Moreover, whether changes in leptin predict metabolic improvements during weight loss is uncertain. Objective: The objective was to prospectively examine associations between plasma leptin, body fat, and weight and metabolic risk factors in obese children during weight loss. Design: In obese children and adolescents [n = 203; mean age: 14.1 y, .98th body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and sex] participating in a 2-mo inpatient weight-loss program, we measured changes in body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), plasma leptin, insulin, and lipids. After discharge, anthropometric measures and plasma leptin were remeasured at 6 (n = 139) and 12 (n = 100) mo. Results: During the 2-mo program, mean (6SD) weight and fat loss were 13.9 6 4.0 kg and 9.2 6 2.5 kg, respectively; and mean plasma leptin decreased by 76%. Weight and fat loss were sustained, and no significant differences in BMI-SD score (SDS) or body composition were found between 12 and 2 mo. Baseline leptin was a negative predictor for percentage fat loss at 2, 6, and 12 mo (P , 0.05). The percentage change in leptin during the 2-mo intervention positively correlated with the relative change in fasting insulin, the relative change in LDL cholesterol at 2 mo, percentage fat loss, and change in BMI-SDS at 2 and 6 mo (P , 0.02). Conclusions: Even in obese children with strongly elevated baseline leptin, large leptin reductions that predict short-and long-term loss of body fat and improvements in lipids and insulin sensitivity can be achieved. Thus, increased plasma leptin in obese children may not necessarily reflect leptin resistance; many children appear to remain leptin sensitive at this age.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:695-702.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Baseline leptin and leptin reduction predict improvements in metabolic variables and long-term fat loss in obese children and adolescents: a prospective study of an inpatient weight-loss program

Murer¹,

Knöpfli²,

Aeberli³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Leptin is an adipokine implicated in the relationship between appetite signaling and long‐term weight regulation (8,36). Our findings for leptin are consistent with previous studies which have reported an association between higher leptin levels and weight gain (9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on how chronic the positive energy balance is, or what the degree of adipose tissue excess is, leptin may have orexogenic or anorexogenic actions (8). For example, in overweight persons, increased leptin levels may predict further weight gain as fat continues to accumulate (8). In contrast, in persons with chronic obesity, increased leptin levels may predict less weight gain marking resistance to leptin action (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Investigation of Metabolic Characteristics in Relation to Weight Gain in Older Adults: The Hoorn Study

Wedick

Snijder²,

Dekker

et al. 2009

Obesity

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The objective of this investigation was to determine the relation between baseline glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels and subsequent 6‐year weight and waist change in older men and women without diabetes in a prospective cohort study. Participants were 1,198 Dutch men and women without diabetes who were aged 50–77 years when baseline metabolic and anthropometric measurements were evaluated (1989–1991). Approximately 6 years later, body weight and waist circumference were re‐measured at a follow‐up examination (1996–1998). Metabolic variables (fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h postchallenge plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), adiponectin, and leptin) were evaluated as predictors of changes in weight and waist circumference. Postchallenge plasma glucose (mmol/l) significantly predicted less gain in both weight and waist circumference (β = −0.28 kg, s.e. = 0.11; β = −0.31 cm, s.e. = 0.14, respectively) during follow‐up. Leptin (µg/l) significantly predicted greater increases in weight (β = 0.29 kg, s.e. = 0.07) and waist (β = 0.16 cm, s.e. = 0.08) among men and in waist among women (β = 0.06 cm, s.e. = 0.02). Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) predicted an increase in waist among women (β = 1.59 cm, s.e. = 0.63), but not in men (β = −0.74 cm, s.e. = 0.55). Adiponectin and insulin did not predict weight or waist change. The authors conclude that lower postchallenge plasma glucose and higher fasting leptin levels significantly predicted long‐term increases in weight and waist circumference. In contrast, measures of insulin resistance and adiponectin were not associated with weight change in this cohort of older persons without diabetes.

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“…First, discrepancies are likely to relate to differences in methodology, especially concerning leptin adjustment [55] . Secondly, it is possible that the association between leptin and weight loss is modified by the degree of obesity [56] . It is noteworthy that many of the studies that did not find a significant effect of leptin on weight included only normal-weight adults (BMI ^ 25) [49,50,52,54] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in the Prediction of Weight Loss by Leptin among Overweight Adults

et al. 2010

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Background/Aim: Leptin plays an important role in energy metabolism. The primary objective of the study was to investigate whether baseline leptin levels predict weight loss during a dietary intervention in overweight and obese individuals. Methods: A total of 324 individuals (138 men and 186 women, aged 20–40 years, BMI 27.5–32.5) were recruited in Iceland, Ireland and Spain. The intervention lasted for 8 consecutive weeks, and subjects were instructed to follow a diet, energy restricted by 30%. Anthropometric variables were assessed before and after the intervention. Leptin concentration was measured at baseline and corrected for fat mass. Linear models were used to find out which variables predicted weight loss. Results: At end point, significant weight loss was observed (5.16 ± 3.06 kg, p < 0.001). High baseline leptin concentrations were a significant negative predictor of weight loss in men (p = 0.028), with a predicted difference of 1.8 kg between the lowest and highest leptin quartile. Conclusion: Our study underlines the importance of leptin in energy metabolism. Plasma leptin concentrations at baseline are a predictor of weight loss in overweight men after an 8-week dietary intervention. The same effect was not observed in overweight women, which suggests that the role of leptin in the regulation of weight is gender specific.

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The entero-insular axis and adipose tissue-related factors in the prediction of weight gain in humans

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

Baseline leptin and leptin reduction predict improvements in metabolic variables and long-term fat loss in obese children and adolescents: a prospective study of an inpatient weight-loss program

Baseline leptin and leptin reduction predict improvements in metabolic variables and long-term fat loss in obese children and adolescents: a prospective study of an inpatient weight-loss program

Prospective Investigation of Metabolic Characteristics in Relation to Weight Gain in Older Adults: The Hoorn Study

Gender Difference in the Prediction of Weight Loss by Leptin among Overweight Adults

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