The enhancement of biological ocular UV radiation on beaches compared to the radiation on grass

Liu, Guang-Cong; Wang, Fang; Gao, Yanyan; Zheng, Yang; Hu, Liwen; Gao, Qian; Ri, Jun-Chol; Liu, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.009

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Whilst reflectance measurements were taken at the same time as UV exposure measurements, the authors did not correlate reflectance measured with influence to UV exposure. Liu et al [ 79 ] looked at the enhanced ocular UV irradiance from a beach surface as compared to a grass surface. They measured twice the biologically effective irradiance on a beach surface compared to the grass surface, occurring at a maximum of a solar zenith angle of 40º.…”

Section: Influence On Personal Uv Exposure By Reflected Uv Radiatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation Albedo and Reflectance in Review: The Influence to Ultraviolet Exposure in Occupational Settings

Turner

Parisi

2018

IJERPH

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Ultraviolet (UV) albedo and UV reflectance are defined, compared and contrasted, to explain their roles and place in studies focusing on UV radiation and exposure measurements, in the context of localised albedo measurement and human UV exposure studies. This review recommends that the term UV albedo be used when investigating natural horizontal surfaces when the albedo is not known to change significantly over time. The term UV reflectance should be mostly used for non-natural surfaces and non-horizontal measurements and will change with respect to the geometry of the irradiances reflected and received, and due to the intrinsic nature of the surface itself. UV albedo measurements made in the literature have been compiled, in both broadband and spectral UV albedo measurements. Broadband measurements have been tabulated and spectral UV measurements have been displayed visually. The methodology of measurements is briefly discussed. Finally, studies that consider how high albedo or reflectance sites influence UV exposure are reviewed. It was concluded that there is currently no known relationship between the albedo or reflectance of a surface and the resulting influence it has on individual UV exposure. This presents an opportunity for researchers to continue exploring the influence of reflective UV surfaces.

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Section: Influence On Personal Uv Exposure By Reflected Uv Radiatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation Albedo and Reflectance in Review: The Influence to Ultraviolet Exposure in Occupational Settings

Turner

Parisi

2018

IJERPH

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“…It is undeniable that the different rates of cataracts onset between Asians and Caucasians could be better justified by UV levels in North America and Europe compared to those in South East Asia. Furthermore, wearing corrective glasses or contact lenses, different levels of UV filters in the ocular lens of Asians and Caucasians, the altitude, geographical location, outdoor activity time, the pupil, eyelid and background [29] can also influence the ocular UV exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the measurement was carried out at high latitudes, and we found that the ocular UV exposure of the Asian and European manikins for the UVA and UVB bands showed a bimodal curve with time at which the peak of SEA appeared at 46 • and 54 • , respectively. In our previous study, we conducted the ocular UV exposure monitoring in Sanya (18.42 • N, 109.77 • E, altitude 7 m), China, and found that the ocular UV intensity showed a bimodal curve with time [29]. Since the maximum SEA that can be achieved at high latitude sites is lower than that at lower latitudes or equatorial Asian areas, the ambient UV intensity is lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Modeling and Physical Experiments on Ocular UV Manikins Exposure

et al. 2019

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The prevalence of age-related cataracts is higher in Asians than Caucasians. Ocular ultraviolet (UV) exposure is an important environmental risk factor leading to age-related cataracts. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effects of facial anatomy on ocular UV exposure between Asians and Europeans. We built optical models with 3D-printed Asian and European manikins that could truly reflect the typical facial features of Asians and Europeans, monitored the ambient and ocular UV exposure using these models in Fuxin (42.00 • N, 121.69 • E), China, and used 3ds Max software to model the effects of the facial anatomy structures on the light entering the eyes by rendering the resulting shadows. We found that the ocular UV exposure intensity in the Asian manikin was higher than that in the European manikin at a rotation angle of 282 • to 354 • when the solar elevation angle (SEA) was approximately 30 • to 60 • and at a rotation angle of 150 • toward the sun when the SEA was approximately above 60 •. Based on the optical models we built, we conclude that, due to the differences in the superciliary arch and glabella, the risk of high ocular UV exposure is greater in the Asian manikin than in the European manikin. Our findings provide grounds for speculation about whether the blocking effect of the superciliary arch and glabella of the European manikin on ocular UV exposure is one of the reasons for the higher prevalence of age-related cataracts in Asians than in Europeans.

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“…Significant differences in UV exposure have been shown depending on textural and topographic properties of the environment, varying reflectivity even differently throughout the day. Beach environments have been shown to provide stronger UV levels than grass surroundings [22], valley like arrangements of the surrounding topography have shown highest exposure levels under full illumination [23]. Reflectivity of the surrounding textures has been shown to significantly impact ocular UV doses as well [12,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of ocular UV protection by clear lenses

Rifai

Hornauer

Buechinger

et al. 2018

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Ocular UV doses accumulate all-day, not only during periods of direct sun exposure. The UV protection efficiency of three clear lenses was evaluated experimentally, validated by simulation, and compared to non-UV protection: a first spectacle lens with a tailored UV absorber, a second spectacle lens, minimizing UV back reflections, as well as a third spectacle lens, combining both. A tailored UV-absorber efficiently reduced overall UV irradiance to 7 %, whereas reduction of back-reflections still left UV irradiance at 42 %. Thus, clear lenses with a tailored UV absorber efficiently protect the eye from UV, supplementing sun glasses wear to an all-day protection scenario. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 54, 845-854 (2006). 11. E. Thieden, P. A. Philipsen, J. Heydenreich, and H. C. Wulf, "UV radiation exposure related to age, sex, occupation, and sun behavior based on time-stamped personal dosimeter readings," Arch. Dermatol. 140, 197-203 (2004). 12. M. G. Kimlin, A. V. Parisi, and J. C. F. Wong, "Quantification of personal solar UV exposure of outdoor workers, indoor workers and adolescents at two locations in southeast Queensland," Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 14, 7-11 (1998). 1216-1220 (1986). 15. S. Abdulrahim, Y. M. Abubakar, and I. T. Bello, "Evaluation of the level of transmission of solar radiation by eyeglasses (spectacles) and its effects on the human eye," JASR 5, 489-498 (2015). 16. D. G. Pitts, "Ultraviolet-absorbing spectacle lenses, contact lenses, and intraocular lenses," Optom. Vis. Sci. 67, 435-440 (1990) exposure of the human body based on data from a scanning UV-measuring system," Int.

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The enhancement of biological ocular UV radiation on beaches compared to the radiation on grass

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Ultraviolet Radiation Albedo and Reflectance in Review: The Influence to Ultraviolet Exposure in Occupational Settings

Ultraviolet Radiation Albedo and Reflectance in Review: The Influence to Ultraviolet Exposure in Occupational Settings

Optical Modeling and Physical Experiments on Ocular UV Manikins Exposure

Efficiency of ocular UV protection by clear lenses

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