The enhancement effect of three sugar alcohols on the fungicidal effect of benzethonium chloride toward Candida albicans

Ichikawa, Tetsuo; Yano, Yoshitaka; Fujita, Yukihisa; Kashiwabara, Toshiya; Nagao, Keisuke

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.07.013

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In 2008, a study revealed that benzethonium chloride had greater fungicidal effect when combined with sugars, such as xylitol than applied alone. 12 The effect of various concentrations of xylitol on C. albicans growth was evaluated for the first time in 2009. Leepel et al found that, in a 3-day period, the growth of Candida colonies was adversely related to the concentration of xylitol; increased concentration of xylitol from 1 to 5% and 10% lead to a decrease in the growth of this fungus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Various surveys have shown that glucose intake is a promoter of C. albicans growth, [9][10][11] whereas xylitol can decrease the risk of candidiasis and angular cheilitis and the adherence of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells. 9,12,13 Furthermore, xylitol was found to reduce the production of acetaldehyde, a highly toxic and mutagenic product of alcohol, by Candida.…”

Section: 5005/jp-journals-10024-2225mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antifungal Activity of Xylitol against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study

Talattof

Azad

Zahed

et al. 2018

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim:The most common fungal infection among human population is candidiasis, the etiology of which is mostly Candida albicans. As a result of a disrupted balance of the normal flora or a compromised immune system, Candida species can become pathogenic. Various in vitro surveys have shown that glucose intake is a promoter of C. albicans growth, whereas in vivo studies have found that xylitol can decrease the risk of candidiasis and angular cheilitis. Hence, we aimed to evaluate for the first time the inhibitory effects of xylitol on C. albicans by assessing its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Materials and methods:The standard strain of C. albicans was acquired. The fungi were incubated in supplemented brain-heart infusion broth for 48 hours at 37°C. The MIC was measured according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100-S24 standard. Microdilution method was applied using 360-µL sterilized polystyrene flat-bottomed 96-well plates. The antimicrobial effects were examined by the microbroth dilution method according to the CLSI M100-S24 standard. Results:The MIC of xylitol for C. albicans was found to be 20 × 10 4 µg/mL. Furthermore, the concentration of 40 × 10 4 µg/mL with a decrease of 99.95% in the colony-forming units (CFUs) of the microorganism was found to be the MFC of xylitol for C. albicans. Clinical significance: By knowing the MIC and MFC of xylitol, this substance can be effectively used in products aimed to cure this fungal infection. Conclusion:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 5005/jp-journals-10024-2225mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Xylitol against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study

Talattof

Azad

Zahed

et al. 2018

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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“…Xylitol has been used for inhibiting planktonic cells as well as biofilms formed by various organisms (Ichikawa et al, 2008;Ammons et al, 2009;Abbas et al, 2012;Ghezelbash et al, 2012). In our study, a significant reduction was observed in the counts of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas when xylitol was used for treating single-species biofilm over a period of 7 days (Figs S1 and S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xylitol has been used synergistically with other sugar alcohols or antibiotics against the biofilms of Candida albicans, P. aeruginosa, streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus (Ichikawa et al, 2008;Ammons et al, 2009;Abbas et al, 2012;Ghezelbash et al, 2012). In our study, when mixed-species biofilm was treated with phage KPO1-K2+Pa29+xylitol or phage KPO1K2+xylitol, a complete eradication of Klebsiella and significant reduction in the count of Pseudomonas was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, sugar alcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol and erythritol exhibit antibiofilm activity. They can either diffuse into the biofilm and accumulate as a toxic, non-metabolizable sugar alcohol phosphate, thus inhibiting bacterial growth, or they can inhibit stress proteins which arise in the biofilm (Ichikawa et al, 2008). Xylitol is a fivecarbon sugar alcohol that can be found in birch, plums, strawberries, raspberries and rowanberries (Mäkinen & Söderling, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disrupting the mixed-species biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO using bacteriophages alone or in combination with xylitol

2015

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We investigated the potential of bacteriophages alone as well as in combination with xylitol for tackling mixed-species biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. When mixed-species biofilm was established on polycarbonate discs, P. aeruginosa formed the base layer which was physically shielded on the top by K. pneumoniae. Thereafter, mixed-species biofilm was treated with bacteriophages. K. pneumoniae-specific depolymerase-producing phage KPO1K2 caused significant reduction in the count of Klebsiella. In contrast, P. aeruginosaspecific non-depolymerase-producing phage Pa29 failed to cause any reduction in the count of Pseudomonas. However, application of both phages together resulted in significant reduction in the count of both organisms. This suggests that depolymerase produced by phage KPO1K2 hydrolysed the top layer of K. pneumoniae and guided the entry of Pa29 to reach P. aeruginosa lying underneath. This phenomenon was confirmed when K. pneumoniae-specific nondepolymerase-producing phage NDP was used along with Pa29. Pa29 could not penetrate and reach its host bacterium. Xylitol worked synergistically along with the phage, resulting in a significant decrease in counts of both organisms. Disruption of mixed species biofilm by phage and xylitol was confirmed on the basis of the amount of protein and DNA released. This phagebased approach to altering the structural pattern and disrupting the mixed species biofilm is the first of its kind. It can be used as a topical application, a coating for foreign bodies or for aerosol delivery to tackle infections where both pathogens coexist in a biofilm mode.

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