Antifungal Activity of Xylitol against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study

Talattof, Zahra; Azad, Azita; Zahed, Maryam; Shahradnia, Nazanin

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2225

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, prebiotics have demonstrated a direct impact on the host by increasing the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and stimulating the expression of IL‐10 and IFNs, thereby modulating inflammatory responses against pathogens 111 . The inhibitory properties of prebiotics such as xylitol, xylose, and arabinose on S. mutans and C. albicans have already been documented 112–114 …”

Section: Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non‐surgical therapeutic approaches

Ghaffarpour,

Karami‐Zarandi,

Rahdar

et al. 2024

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundPeriodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs.AimThe aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non‐surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS.Material and MethodsA literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non‐surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS.ResultsDue to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential.Discussion and ConclusionSo, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non‐surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.

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Section: Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non‐surgical therapeutic approaches

Ghaffarpour,

Karami‐Zarandi,

Rahdar

et al. 2024

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Xylitol also does not appear to affect blood glucose and insulin levels [43][44][45]. Xylitol may also have antimicrobial effect on Candida albicans and can be used as an effective element in gums, toothpastes, and antimicrobial mouthwashes, especially in patients with candidiasis [46]. Therefore, the Streptococcus mutansreducing effect of xylitol-containing SFG is not only of value from an oral health perspective but also potentially for wider general health benefits.…”

Section: Masking Of Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans

et al. 2021

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Background Preventive strategies targeting Streptococcus mutans may be effective in reducing the global burden of caries. The aim of the current systematic review of published literature was to determine the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who did not chew gum, who chewed a control gum or received alternatives such as probiotics or fluoride varnish. Methods Systematic review (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42018094676) of controlled trials with adult and child participants where chewing of SFG was the main intervention. Databases searched (1 Jan 1946 to 31 August 2020): MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Open Grey, PROSPERO and the Cochrane library of systematic reviews. ‘Search terms included Medical Subject Headings, and free text to cover the following range of constructs: chewing gum, sugar free, oral health, caries, xerostomia, periodontal disease. Data extraction and Risk of Bias assessment was undertaken by three researchers using a modified version of the Cochrane RoB tool (version 1). Data synthesis was conducted using meta-analysis in STATA. Results Thirteen studies of SFG with micro-organisms as outcomes were identified. The use of SFG significantly reduced the load of Streptococcus mutans (effect size − 0.42; 95% CI − 0.60 to − 0.25) compared to all controls. In seven of the 13 studies the confidence intervals of the effect size estimate included zero, suggesting no effect of the intervention. Twelve trials used xylitol gum only as the basis of the intervention; xylitol gum significantly reduced the load of Streptococcus mutans (effect size − 0.46; 95% CI − 0.64 to − 0.28) in comparison to all controls. There was a moderate level of heterogeneity across the included studies. No adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion Chewing SFG reduces the load of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity in comparison to non-chewing controls. Considering the degree of variability in the effect and the moderate quality of the trials included, there is a need for future research exploring the use SFG as a preventive measure for reducing the cariogenic oral bacterial load.

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“…Furthermore, a reduction in the fecal level of yeasts was reported, from Log10 9.2–9.4 colony forming units (CFU)/g feces during the control phase to Log10 7.2–7.5 CFU/g feces after xylitol consumption [30]. The type of yeast that was reduced was not reported, but in vitro studies have reported that xylitol can suppress the growth of Candida with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 200 mg/mL and a 99.95% reduction in colony-forming units at 400 mg/mL [31]. Recent mouse studies (5 animals/group) have reported that consumption of xylitol (40 or 194 mg/kg body weight/day) for 15 weeks was associated with an increase in the genus Prevotella , the phyla Eubacteria and Firmicutes and a reduction in the phylum Bacteroidetes by DGGE analysis [32].…”

Section: Digestive Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylitol’s Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2019

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Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for xylitol. In skin, xylitol has been reported to improve barrier function and suppress the growth of potential skin pathogens. As a non-digestible carbohydrate, xylitol enters the colon where it is fermented by members of the colonic microbiota; species of the genus Anaerostipes have been reported to ferment xylitol and produce butyrate. The most common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not appear to be able to grow on xylitol. The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to a constipation relieving effect and improved bone mineral density. Xylitol also modulates the immune system, which, together with its antimicrobial activity contribute to a reduced respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and otitis media risk. As a low caloric sweetener, xylitol may contribute to weight management. It has been suggested that xylitol also increases satiety, but these results are not convincing yet. The benefit of xylitol on metabolic health, in addition to the benefit of the mere replacement of sucrose, remains to be determined in humans. Additional health benefits of xylitol have thus been reported and indicate further opportunities but need to be confirmed in human studies.

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Antifungal Activity of Xylitol against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non‐surgical therapeutic approaches

Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non‐surgical therapeutic approaches

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans

Xylitol’s Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review

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