The enfacement illusion boosts facial mimicry

Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Porciello, Giuseppina; Gandolfo, Marco; Boukarras, Sarah; Aglioti, Salvatore Maria

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.001

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The notion of enfacement is especially relevant to the present study, as the avatar applications used in our experiments depict the face, head and shoulders view that is traditionally used for video-conferences. The animation quality of our avatars is considerably high, which has been a factor documented to influence levels of reported enfacement with avatars (Gonzalez-Franco et al, 2020), while there has also been previous research linking facial mimicry of others to strong senses of face-ownership (Minio-Paluello et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This notion, by extension, allowed us to measure SoE, given the similarities in the processing mechanisms for both concepts (Tajadura-Jiménez et al, 2012) and the fact that both terms are employed to measure the pliability of self-identity (Porciello et al, 2018), with an emphasis on enfacement in particular proving empirically fruitful in dyadic interactions such as those measured in our study (Minio-Paluello et al, 2020).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remotely Perceived: Investigating the Influence of Valence on Self-Perception and Social Experience for Dyadic Video-Conferencing With Personalized Avatars

Higgins

Fribourg

McDonnell

2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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Avatar use on video-conference platforms has found dual purpose in recent times as a potential method for ensuring privacy and improving subjective engagement with remote meeting, provided one can also ensure a minimal loss in the quality of social interaction and sense of personal presence. This work focuses on interactions of this sort through real-time motion captured 3D personalized virtual avatars in a 2D video-conferencing context. Our experiments were designed with the intention of exploring previously defined perceptual illusions that occur with avatar-use in Virtual and Augmented Reality settings, outside of the immersive technological domains where they are normally measured. The research described here was aimed at empirically evaluating three separate dimensions of human-avatar interaction. The first was humans-as-avatars, with experimental conditions that were designed to measure changes to subjective perceptions of self-face ownership and self-concept. The second focus was other-perception, with the unique design of the studies outlined below among the first to measure social presence in a video-call between two human-driven avatars. The third emphasis was on the experiential content involved in avatar use, as there were measurements for emotion induction, fatigue and behavior change included in the data collection. The results describe some evidence for face and body ownership, while participants also reported high levels of social presence with the other avatar, indicating that avatar cameras could be a favorable alternative to non-camera feeds in video conferencing. There were also some useful insights gained regarding emotion elicitation in non-video vs. avatar conditions, as well as avatar-induced behavior change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely Perceived: Investigating the Influence of Valence on Self-Perception and Social Experience for Dyadic Video-Conferencing With Personalized Avatars

Higgins

Fribourg

McDonnell

2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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“…Humans, like other primates, recognize other individuals mostly by their face [33][34][35], which has evolved to signal individual identity [36]. Identity recognition is challenged by a face's intrinsic (e.g., age, facial expressions/movements) and extrinsic (e.g., visual perspective, luminosity) identity-invariant changes and might benefit from plastic face representations [37][38][39]. Humans show large individual differences in their face IIR ability [40], including 2-3% of individuals in the general population who report severe difficulties recognizing identity from faces in everyday life [41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism

et al. 2020

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Background Face individual identity recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual identity recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face identity recognition) occurs in 2–3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. Methods The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms’ severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. Results More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom’s severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face identity recognition was instead linked to mental state recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants’ basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. Limitations We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. Conclusions Impaired face individual identity recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models.

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“…In a happy emotional state, the mouth muscle, zygomaticus, eye muscle, and orbicularis are activated and lead to a rise in the mouth corners. These muscle activities are reflected by fEMG [39], [40]. Also, the pulse beat cycle of the PPG signal is reported to be more significant for the happiness emotion state [41], [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Systematic Review of Sensing and Differentiating Dichotomous Emotional States Using Audio-Visual Stimuli

et al. 2021

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Recognition of dichotomous emotional states such as happy and sad play important roles in many aspects of human life. Existing literature has recorded diverse attempts in extracting physiological and non-physiological traits to record these emotional states. Selection of the right instrumental approach for measuring these traits plays a critical role in emotion recognition. Moreover, various stimuli have been used to induce emotions. Therefore, there is a current need to perform a comprehensive overview of instrumental approaches and their outcomes for the new generation of researchers. In this direction, this study surveys the instrumental approaches in discriminating happy and sad emotional states that are elicited using audio-visual stimuli. A comprehensive literature review is performed using PubMed, Scopus, and ACM digital library repositories. The reviewed articles are classified with respect to the i) stimulation modality, ii) acquisition protocol, iii) instrumentation approaches, iv) feature extraction, and v) classification methods. In total, 39 research articles were published on the selected topic of instrumental approaches in differentiating dichotomous emotional states using audio-visual stimuli between January 2011 and April 2021. The majority of the papers used physiological traits, namely electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, photoplethysmogram, and electroencephalogram based instrumental approaches for recognizing the emotional states. The results show that only a few articles have focused on audio-visual stimuli for the elicitation of happy and sad emotional states. This review is expected to seed research in the areas of standardization of protocols, enhancing the diagnostic relevance of these instruments, and extraction of more reliable biomarkers.

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The enfacement illusion boosts facial mimicry

Cited by 17 publications

References 90 publications

Remotely Perceived: Investigating the Influence of Valence on Self-Perception and Social Experience for Dyadic Video-Conferencing With Personalized Avatars

Remotely Perceived: Investigating the Influence of Valence on Self-Perception and Social Experience for Dyadic Video-Conferencing With Personalized Avatars

Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism

A Systematic Review of Sensing and Differentiating Dichotomous Emotional States Using Audio-Visual Stimuli

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