Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism

Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Porciello, Giuseppina; Pascual‐Leone, Álvaro; Baron‐Cohen, Simon

doi:10.1186/s13229-020-00371-0

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Autistic patients generally have obstacles in face naming, recognition, coding and other tasks from previous studies. It may be due to the formation of their unique eye movement gaze pattern, or because of the same neural mechanism behind both [18][19][20]. Based on the theoretical hypothesis, we verified the correlation between the PI-20 questionnaire and the AQ questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese version of the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20)

Sun

Wang

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Prosopagnosia, also known as facial blindness, has attracted wide attention in the social field in recent years. However, it mainly depends on the self-report of the chief complaint in the actual diagnosis. In addition, there is a lack of standardized measurement basis, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the patients themselves and follow-up researchers. In this study, we tested the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of 20 - item prosopagnosia index (PI-20). 647 young people aged 18-45 filled in PI-20, the adult autistic quotient scale, the empathy quotient questionnaire, and completed the retest one month later. Results showed that the PI-20 has good internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and has good validity. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis shows that the model can well fit the data of Chinese population and can be used for large-scale measurement. The Chinese version PI-20 is a reliable measurement for prosopagnosia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese version of the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20)

Sun

Wang

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Face memory impairment, being associated with social and cognition development, has been a candidate neurocognitive endophenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [1][2][3][4]. For example, better face memory performance of children with ASD could predict their lesser independent play and more cooperative interaction with peers [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on Face Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Transdiagnostic Profiles

et al. 2021

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Face memory impairments are common but heterogeneous in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which may be influenced by co-occurrence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we aimed to investigate the phenotype change of face memory in children with ASD comorbid ADHD symptoms, and discuss the potential role of executive function (EF). Ninety-eight children were analyzed in the present study, including ASD− (ASD-only, n = 24), ADHD (n = 23), ASD+ (with ADHD symptoms, n = 23) and neurotypical controls (NTC, n = 28). All participants completed two tests: face encoding and retrieving task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for measuring face memory and EF, respectively. Results revealed that: compared with the NTC group, children with ASD− exhibited lower accuracy in both face encoding and retrieving, and participants with ASD+ showed lower accuracy only in the retrieving, whereas no differences were found among participants with ADHD. Moreover, in the ASD+ group, face encoding performance was correlated with response perseverative errors (RPE) and failure to maintain sets (FMS) of WCST; significantly, there were no group differences between ASD+ and NTC in these two indices. The transdiagnostic profiles indicated that comorbid ADHD symptoms could modulate the face encoding deficiency of ASD, which may be partially compensated by EF. Shared and distinct intervention strategies to improve social cognition are recommended for children undergoing treatment for each condition.

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“…Several studies have reported such associations between broader autism traits and facial memory (Brewer et al, 2019;Davies et al, 2017;Rhodes et al, 2013;Sasson et al, 2013;Lewis et al, 2018). Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that impaired face identity recognition is a potential endophenotype in autism i.e., it could be a co-occurring condition with prosopagnosia (Minio-Paluello et al, 2020).…”

Section: Correlations Between Cognitive and Behavioural Attributesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Individuals with autism (see 3.2.4) tend to exhibit face processing difficulties; however, these difficulties are reported based on their inability to possess sustained attention throughout life, and thus exhibiting difficulties in face processing. Evidence exploring the relationship between DP and autism have suggested that these two groups that predominantly exhibit difficulties in face processing and social dysfunction respectively, raises the possibility that these conditions co-occur in several cases (Minio-Paluello et al, 2020;Schultz, 2005). As such, it has been suggested that DP should be viewed as a disorder with face recognition difficulties independent of socio-emotional difficulties such as autism (e.g., Bate & Tree, 2017;Duchaine et al, 2009).…”

Section: What Is Developmental Prosopagnosia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, recent research by Minio-Paluello et al, (2020) has suggested that impairments in face identity recognition in autism phenotype are associated with co-occurring prosopagnosia conditions. On the contrary, work by Lewis, Shakeshaft and Plomin (2018) have demonstrated a negative association between face memory and AQ traits, specifically for social interactions difficulties.…”

Section: Autism and Face Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involuntary responses to facial cues as an indicator of personality type across age and culture

Kannan¹

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Can we learn something about the personality of a person we first encounter just by looking at their face and do we do this automatically and implicitly? Previous research by Jones et al (2019) has determined that accurate implicit personality trait judgements can be made from faces. However, it remains unclear what the mechanisms that underpin this process might be, and the degree to which they overlap with other face perception processes such as identity recognition and emotional expression processing. The present thesis aimed to investigate using individual differences approach, whether positively regarded traits among the Big-Five such as extraversion, agreeableness; and negatively regarded trait such as neuroticism judgements can be predicted accurately and implicitly using female young adult composite facial stimuli (Caucasian). It was also investigated whether the ageing process has a detrimental effect on accurate implicit personality judgements by testing a group of younger adults, and a group of older adults. Additionally, extraversion trait judgements among Developmental prosopagnosia and other-ethnicity samples were measured. Furthermore, the present thesis also sought to identify whether implicit trait judgement abilities could be driven by other cognitive factors such as autism traits, alexithymia traits, face memory and emotion perception. Specifically, whether self-perception of neuroticism predicted implicit neuroticism performances. The main findings of this thesis revealed that young adult Caucasian groups were able to form accurate implicit face-based trait judgements of extraversion and neuroticism. A similar pattern of performance was not observed for agreeableness trait judgements. Individuals with Developmental Prosopagnosia were able to form accurate implicit extraversion trait judgements. Older adult groups were able to make accurate implicit judgements of neuroticism, but this pattern was not the same for extraversion. Similarly, other-ethnicity groups did not demonstrate accurate judgements for extraversion. Throughout the empirical studies, the ability to from accurate implicit extraversion, neuroticism and agreeableness personality judgements were unrelated to other cognitive factors such as autism traits, alexithymia traits, face memory and emotion perception. Self-perception of neuroticism was also unrelated to implicit neuroticism trait judgements. On the basis of this pattern of findings, we conclude that face-based implicit trait judgements utilise some independent cognitive process to other face processing abilities, and that the interpretation of particular personality traits is differentially impacted by the ageing process. Based on the findings of this thesis, it is recommended for future research to examine other-ethnicity effects (non-Caucasian stimuli) and age effects (older facial stimuli) on implicit face-trait judgements in conjunction with the neural regions responsible for face-trait judgements (specifically the big-five) using neuroimaging methods.

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Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism

Cited by 41 publications

References 153 publications

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese version of the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20)

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese version of the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20)

The Effect of Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on Face Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Transdiagnostic Profiles

Involuntary responses to facial cues as an indicator of personality type across age and culture

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