The energy consumption and environmental impacts of SCR technology in China

Zeng-ying, Liang; Ma, Xiaoqian; Lin, Hai; Tang, Yuhan

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.010

Cited by 123 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, air pollutant emissions increased consistently, accompanied by frequent occurrence of heavy pollution events (Herrerias et al, 2013;Hu and Jiang, 2013;Liang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015b). The heavy pollution first climaxed in January 2013 when China experienced an extremely severe and persistent period of haze MEP, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Village energy survey reveals missing rural raw coal in northern China: Significance in science and policy

Zhi

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tBurning coal for winter heating has been considered a major contributor to northern China's winter haze, with the district heating boilers holding the balance. However a decade of intensive efforts on district heating boilers brought few improvements to northern China's winter air quality, arousing a speculation that the household heating stoves mainly in rural area rather than the district heating boilers mainly in urban area dominate coal emissions in winter. This implies an extreme underestimation of rural household coal consumption by the China Energy Statistical Yearbooks (CESYs), although direct evidence supporting this speculation is lacking. A village energy survey campaign was launched to gather the firsthand information on household coal consumption in the rural areas of two cities, Baoding (in Hebei province) and Beijing (the capital of China). The survey data show that the rural raw coal consumption in Baoding (5.04 Â 10 3 kt) was approximately 6.5 times the value listed in the official CESY 2013 and exceeded the rural total of whole Hebei Province (4668 kt), revealing a huge amount of raw coal missing from the current statistical system. More importantly, rural emissions of particulate matter (PM) and SO 2 from raw coal, which had never been included in widely distributing environmental statistical reports, were found higher than those from industrial and urban household sectors in the two cities in 2013, which highlights the importance of rural coal burning in creating northern China's heavy haze and helps to explain why a number of modeling predictions on ambient pollutant concentrations based on normal emission inventories were more bias-prone in winter season than in other seasons. We therefore recommend placing greater emphasis on the "missing" rural raw coal to help China in its long-term ambition to achieve clean air in the context of rapid economic development.

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confidence: 99%

Village energy survey reveals missing rural raw coal in northern China: Significance in science and policy

Zhi

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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“…According to IPCC results, global coal emission increases are attributable to rapid economic growth and excessive coal usage. From 2000 to 2010, global greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., carbon dioxide) were 7 billion tons higher than those of the prior decade [33]. Improving national living standards must therefore constitute the first priority of Chinese economic development, especially because numerous countryside residents cannot secure food, housing or other basic living necessities.…”

Section: Economic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though "green" strategies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) increase production levels while protecting the environment [33], these approaches are currently costly to apply and maintain. For instance, CCS costs will increase by 29% to 297% due to improper handling, and energy-saving technologies of the cement industry will also increase the costs of power consumption [34].…”

Section: Inefficiency In Technological Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Social Analysis of Haze Reduction Dilemma in China

Cheng¹,

Yang²

2016

EESRJ

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“…The activity of the catalyst can be calculated according to Equation (2), where κ 0 is the catalyst activity coefficient of the fresh catalyst. The κ/κ 0 of the deactivated catalyst C0 is 0.332.…”

Section: Activity Analyses Of the Activated Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SO 2 , SO 3 , fly ash, and alkali metals contained in the flue gas may decrease the denitrification capacity of the catalyst. SO 3 reacts with NH 3 to form (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 [2], NH 4 HSO 4 [3], and CaSO 4 [4]. These small particles, with a particle size <10 µm [5], with sticky ammonium sulfate particles, especially ammonium bisulfate, may clog the micropores of the catalyst surface [6,7] and stain and corrode the downstream devices of the SCR, such as the air preheater [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research of an Active Solution for Modeling In Situ Activating Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The effect of active solutions suitable for the in situ activation of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts was experimentally investigated using a designed in situ activation modeling device. To gain further insight, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area analysis (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were used to investigate the effects of different reaction conditions on the characteristics of the deactivated catalysts. The activation effect of loading V 2 O 5 , WO 3 and MoO 3 on the surface of the deactivated catalysts was analyzed and the correlation to the denitrification activity was determined. The results demonstrate that the prepared activating solution of 1 wt % vanadium (V), 9 wt % tungsten (W), and 6 wt % molybdenum (Mo) has a beneficial effect on the deactivation of the catalyst. The activated catalyst resulted in a higher NO removal rate when compared to the deactivated catalyst. Furthermore, the NO removal rate of the activated catalyst reached a maximum of 32%. The activity of the SCR catalyst is closely linked to the concentration of the active ingredients. When added in optimum amounts, the active ingredients helped to restore the catalytic activity. In particular, the addition of active ingredients, the availability of labile surface oxygen, and the presence of small pores improved the denitrification efficiency. Based on these results, active solutions can effectively solve the problem of denitrification catalyst deactivation. These findings are a reference for the in-situ activation of the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SCR-DeNOx) catalyst.

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The energy consumption and environmental impacts of SCR technology in China

Cited by 123 publications

References 22 publications

Village energy survey reveals missing rural raw coal in northern China: Significance in science and policy

Village energy survey reveals missing rural raw coal in northern China: Significance in science and policy

Economic and Social Analysis of Haze Reduction Dilemma in China

Experimental Research of an Active Solution for Modeling In Situ Activating Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst

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