The Enemy is Outside: Releasing the Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in External Sources of HLB Inocula to Control the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Diniz, Alexandre José Ferreira; Garcia, Alício Rosalino; Alves, Gustavo Rodrigues; Reigada, Carolina; Vieira, J.B.; Parra, José Roberto Postali

doi:10.1007/s13744-019-00736-y

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Considering the procedures for biological control, that is, introduction (classical biological control), conservation (natural or conservative biological control), multiplication (augmentative or applied biological control), and external management (for D. citri, transmitter of HLB in citrus [13]), in every case, it is necessary to rear the natural enemy in the laboratory. Natural enemies are needed in varying numbers, and different life stages may be required for particular BC programs.…”

Section: Biological Control and Insect Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect Rearing Techniques for Biological Control Programs, a Component of Sustainable Agriculture in Brazil

Parra

Coelho

2022

Insects

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This article describes the importance of rearing insects, whether on a small scale for research or a large scale for mass rearing, for use in biological control (BC) programs with macro-organisms. These inter- or multidisciplinary research programs are necessarily long-term and depend on rearing techniques for their complete development. Some successful examples of BC in Brazil are presented, including case studies of Trichogramma spp. These required broad bioecological studies that provided the basis for both mass rearing and transfer of the necessary technology to farmers. This has allowed Brazil to occupy a leadership position in biological control in “Open Fields”. For example, about three million ha are being treated with Trichogramma galloi (a native parasitoid), and about three and a half million ha with Cotesia flavipes (an exotic parasitoid) to control Diatraea saccharalis, the sugarcane borer. These natural enemies are produced by commercial firms, or by laboratories in sugar and alcohol plants themselves, in the case of C. flavipes.

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Section: Biological Control and Insect Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2020) [13], in which the nymph parasitoid T. radiata was released outside citrus production areas to reduce the population of the vector pest D. citri. The number used is 3200 parasitoids/ha every two weeks during the citrus sprouting period [77].…”

Section: Use Of a Non-target Plant To Rear The Natural Host Of Parasi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Rearing Techniques for Biological Control Programs, a Component of Sustainable Agriculture in Brazil

Parra

Coelho

2022

Insects

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“…Although the combined effects of these natural enemies have failed to curb the spread of HLB in Florida, conservation of these and other beneficial arthropods is essential for effective citrus pest management in other parts of the US and elsewhere. Diniz et al (2020) reported that the release of parasitoids in areas outside the managed groves, such as abandoned orchards or residential trees, has the potential to maximize actions for D. citri control, contributing to the reduction of psyllid ingress into commercial areas.…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asian Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing): Evidence Note on Invasiveness and Potential Economic Impacts for East Africa

2021

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This paper was prepared as part of the Action on Invasives and Plantwise Plus programmes. Action on Invasives is supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and the Netherlands Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS). Plantwise Plus, in addition to FCDO and DGIS, is also funded by European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DEVCO) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). We thank the survey respondents, including those whose partial responses have been quoted with their permission.CABI is an international intergovernmental organization, and we gratefully acknowledge the core financial support from our member countries (and lead agencies) including the United Kingdom (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office),

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“…Hence, devising an alternative control strategy for ACP is very important and essential. Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is the most effective natural enemy of ACPand it has been successfully used as a biological control agent of ACP in various countries [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Recently, several studies investigated the relationship between venomous proteins of the parasitoid wasp and its host insect prey [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using RT-qPCR in Tamarixia radiata, a Predominant Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri

Guo

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Genes

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Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is a predominant parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), a destructive citrus pest and vector of huanglongbing (HLB) disease in the fields of southern China. To explore the functioning of target genes in T. radiata, the screening of specific reference genes is critical for carrying out the reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) under different experimental conditions. However, no reference gene(s) for T. radiata has yet been reported. Here, we selected seven housekeeping genes of T. radiate and evaluated their stability under the six conditions (developmental stage, sex, tissue, population, temperature, diet) by using RefFinder software, which contains four different programs (geNorm, ΔCt, BestKeeper, and NormFinder). Pairwise variation was analyzed by geNorm software to determine the optimal number of reference genes during the RT-qPCR analysis. The results reveal better reference genes for differing research foci: 18S and EF1A for the developmental stage; PRS18 and EF1A for sex, PRS18 and RPL13 for different tissues (head, thorax, abdomen); EF1A and ArgK between two populations; β-tubulin and EF1A for different temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 °C); and ArgK and PRS18 for different feeding diets. Furthermore, when the two optimal and two most inappropriate reference genes were chosen in different temperatures and tissue treatments, respectively, the corresponding expression patterns of HSP70 (as the reporter gene) differed substantially. Our study provides, for the first time, a more comprehensive list of optimal reference genes from T. radiata for use in RT-qPCR analysis, which should prove beneficial for subsequent functional investigations of target gene(s) in this natural enemy of ACP.

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The Enemy is Outside: Releasing the Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in External Sources of HLB Inocula to Control the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Insect Rearing Techniques for Biological Control Programs, a Component of Sustainable Agriculture in Brazil

Insect Rearing Techniques for Biological Control Programs, a Component of Sustainable Agriculture in Brazil

The Asian Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing): Evidence Note on Invasiveness and Potential Economic Impacts for East Africa

Comprehensive Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using RT-qPCR in Tamarixia radiata, a Predominant Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri

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