The endophytic fungi from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

In order to study the species composition of endophytes from wheat healthy plants in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) and to determine their infection frequencies from leaves, stems, glumes and grains, wheat plants were collected from five cultivars at five growth stages from crop emergence to harvest. A total of 1,750 plant segments (leaves, stems, glumes and grains) were processed from the five wheat cultivars at five growth stages, and 722 isolates of endophytic fungi recovered were identified as 30 fungal genera. Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Epicoccum nigrum, Cryptococcus sp., Rhodotorula rubra, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium graminearum were the fungi that showed the highest colonization frequency (CF%) in all the tissues and organs analysed. The number of taxa isolated was greater in the leaves than those in the other organs analysed.

Airborne and Grain Dust Fungal Community Compositions Are Shaped Regionally by Plant Genotypes and Farming Practices

“…These allergenic and mycotoxigenic species were frequently detected not only in the aerosol samples of the present study in Switzerland (ϳ50% or more samples) but also in Danish (9) and Argentinian (8) wheat grain samples. The consistency of our results with those obtained in these previous high-throughput sequencing (9) and culture-based studies (8) underlines the potential exposure of grain workers to allergenic and toxigenic fungal particles. Their frequent presence in aerosols calls for further research on their aggregate effect on the respiratory health of grain workers.…”

“…For this reason, the study of its associated fungal communities, particularly of its fungal pathogens, is of significant economic and health interest. Previous studies of wheat-associated fungal communities revealed a large number of operational taxonomical units (OTUs) that are dominated by a few basidiomycete yeasts (e.g., Cryptococcus and Sporobolomyces roseus), filamentous saprobes (e.g., Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Epicoccum), and plant pathogens (Fusarium) (8,9). Among these plant pathogens, the Fusarium species complex, which is responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB) (10), produces a range of secondary metabolites in the infected host plant that are harmful to human health when they are ingested and potentially when they are inhaled (11).…”

Identity, Diversity, and Molecular Phylogeny of the Endophytic Mycobiota in the Roots of Rare Wild Rice ( Oryza granulate ) from a Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China

“…Endophytic fungi have frequently been reported to be associated with crop plants, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum and Hordeum bogdanii), soya bean (Glycine max), and maize (Zea mays) (6,9,11,13,21,26,27,33,36,67). Some of the endophytic fungi in these crops conferred resistance of the plant to insect or fungal pathogens (55).…”

Diversidade e interação de Epicoccum spp. com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum, L.)

“…A capacidade da linhagem P16 de germinar sobre e colonizar fragmentos foliares foi investigada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). E. nigrum tem sido relatado como membro da comunidade endofítica de diversas espécies de plantas, inclusive cana-de-açúcar (ROMÃO; ARAÚJO, 2007), sendo comumente isolado em alta freqüência LARRAN et al, 2007).…”

“…A atividade antagonista de E. nigrum frente a fungos fitopatogênicos e sua utilização no biocontrole é bastante conhecida. Este fungo tem sido extensivamente avaliado no controle de Monilinia laxa em pêssego e nectarina (MELGAREJO; SAGASTA, , 1986MADRIGAL;TADEO;MELGAREJO, 1991;MADRIGAL;PASCUAL;MELGAREJO, 1994;MADRIGAL;MELGAREJO, 1995;PASCUAL;MAGAN, 2002;LARENA et al, 2003;MELGAREJO, 2004;LARENA et al, 2005; LARRAN et al, 2002;DANTI et al, 2002;LARRAN et al, 2007). Como pode ser observado, este fungo apresenta grande potencial biotecnológico, tanto para a produção de metabólitos como para controle biológico, mas pouco é conhecido sobre a natureza da interação endofítica com hospedeiros de clima tropical, bem como sua função durante a interação com a planta hospedeira.…”