The Endocrinology of Pregnancy

Gerhard, I.; Runnebaum, B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60390-7_28

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 365 publications

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“…However, we should mention that the association between cord estriol and birth weight was modest. Estriol originates almost exclusively from fetal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (23). The observed stronger correlation of birth weight with maternal estriol than with cord estriol may indicate that estriol metabolism in mothers is relevant to the fetal growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Estrogen and α-Fetoprotein Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Samples in Relation to Birth Weight

Nagata

Iwasa²,

Shiraki³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Birth weight has been associated with a subsequent risk of breast cancer. The present study examined associations between birth weight and pregnancy estrogens and Afetoprotein (AFP). The concentrations of estradiol, estriol, and AFP were measured in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples from 194 women during pregnancy and at birth. Birth weight was significantly positively correlated with maternal serum estradiol and estriol levels in the 29th week (estradiol: r = 0.16, P = 0.03; estriol: r = 0.29, P = 0.001) and at delivery (estradiol: r = 0.20, P = 0.01; estriol: r = 0.41, P < 0.0001) after controlling for covariates. The umbilical cord estriol level was moderately but significantly correlated with birth weight (r = 0.15, P = 0.049). There was no significant association between umbilical cord serum estradiol and birth weight. There was no significant association between birth weight and maternal serum AFP in any gestational week. Umbilical cord AFP was significantly inversely correlated with birth weight (r = À0.16, P = 0.04). Umbilical cord AFP was unrelated to cord levels of estradiol and estriol. The data suggested a greater exposure to estriol and a lower exposure to AFP among high birth weight babies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(8):1469 -72)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Estrogen and α-Fetoprotein Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Samples in Relation to Birth Weight

Nagata

Iwasa²,

Shiraki³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…While the levels of the α-subunit rise until the 36th week of pregnancy, the peaks for the β-subunit and for the whole HCG molecule are found between 8th and 10th weeks of gestation (1). The consistent nature of this pattern has made quantitative determinations of HCG an invaluable tool in the clinical assessment of early gestational normality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 days afterwards, and in 100% of all cycles from day 11 (1). Early and rapidly increasing HCG production by the embryo stimulates the corpus luteum so that estradiol and progesterone production can be maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Hormonal Markers of Pregnancy Outcome After In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

Carmona

Balasch

Creus

et al. 2003

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose : To investigate the relative power of HCG, estradiol, and progesterone determinations in the prediction of pregnancy outcome after IVF. These prognostic hormonal factors were studied as single and combined predictors. Methods : Serum concentrations of β-HCG, progesterone, and estradiol were measured 12-13 days after embryo transfer (study point 1) and 7 days later (study point 2) in a series of 20 consecutive infertile patients having a first-trimester spontaneous clinical abortion after an IVF-embryo transfer cycle. As a control group (n = 60), the next three IVF-embryo transfer cycles resulting in an ongoing pregnancy after each miscarried IVF cycle in our assisted reproduction program was used. The discrimination attained between the two study groups (ongoing pregnancies and miscarriages) was evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results : Mean hormone concentrations at study points 1 and 2 were higher in the ongoing pregnancy than in the abortion group. Regarding pregnancy outcome the percentage increment of HCG serum levels (≥1321%), with an accuracy (predictive value of pregnancy outcome) of 81.2% (sensitivity 98%, specificity 50%), had the best prognostic reliability but no significant differences were found when this parameter was compared with the predictive value of HCG concentration (≥72 IU/l) at study point 1 (diagnostic accuracy 80.5%; sensitivity 70%; specificity 80%). When ROC analysis was used, the best predictor of ongoing pregnancy according to the AUC ROC was HCG concentration at study point 2 but again no significant differences were found when this parameter was compared with the predictive value of HCG serum levels at study point 1. A multiple marker strategy did not help distinguish viable from nonviable pregnancies. Conclusion : A single, early (days 12-13 after embryo transfer) HCG quantitative serum measurement in IVF cycles not only is diagnostic but also has good predictive value for pregnancy outcome.

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“…Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can be detected in the maternal serum as early as eight days after conception. Serum β-hCG can be detected in 5% of cycles 8 days after the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge, in 16% after 9 days, in 53% after 10 days, and in 100% of all cycles after day 11 [ 1 ]. During embryo development, β-hCG mRNAs have been identified in a single blastomere in a 4-cell stage embryo, but not in a 2-cell stage embryo [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does blastomere biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis affect early serum β-hCG levels?

Cho

Kim

Song

et al. 2011

Clin Exp Reprod Med

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ObjectiveTo determine whether the serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) profile following preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is lower than that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.MethodsA total of 129 PGD cycles and 1,161 age-matched ICSI cycles, which resulted in pregnancy (serum β-hCG≥5 mIU/mL) on post-ovulation day (POD) 12 were included. We compared the mean serum β-hCG levels on POD 12, 14, 21, and 28, doubling time of serum hCG, and created a cut-off value for predicting a singleton pregnancy in each group.ResultsThe mean serum β-hCG concentration of the PGD group was significantly lower than that of the control group on POD 12, 14, and 21. The doubling time of serum β-hCG at each time interval showed no significant difference. The cut-off-value of serum β-hCG for predicting a single viable pregnancy was 32.5 mIU/mL on POD 12 and 113.5 mIU/mL on POD 14 for the PGD group, which was lower than that for the control group.ConclusionBlastomere biopsy may decrease the β-hCG-producing activity of the trophoblasts, especially in early pregnancy. Setting a lower cut-off value of serum β-hCG for predicting pregnancy outcomes in PGD may be needed.

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The Endocrinology of Pregnancy

Cited by 37 publications

References 365 publications

Estrogen and α-Fetoprotein Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Samples in Relation to Birth Weight

Estrogen and α-Fetoprotein Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Samples in Relation to Birth Weight

Early Hormonal Markers of Pregnancy Outcome After In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

Does blastomere biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis affect early serum β-hCG levels?

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