The endocrine system in space flight

Leach, C. S.; Johnson, Philip C.; Cintron, Nitza M.

doi:10.1016/0094-5765(88)90017-3

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Notably the decreased production of vitamin D, less calcium absorption together with an increased salt appetite further aggravate bone loss [62][63][64] . Increased calcium urinary excretion together with the relative dehydration in space, increase the risk of kidney stone formation [65,66] . Fourteen astronaut and multiple cosmonaut stone incidents have been reported, one during the flight.…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space, Gravity and the Physiology of Aging: Parallel or Convergent Disciplines? A Mini-Review

Vernikos

Schneider²

2009

Gerontology

164

109

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The abnormal physiology that manifests itself in healthy humans during their adaptation to the microgravity of space has all the features of accelerated aging. The mechano-skeletal and vestibulo-neuromuscular stimuli which are below threshold in space, result in an overall greater than 10-fold more rapid onset and time course of muscle and bone atrophy in space and the development of balance and coordination problems on return to Earth than occur with aging. Similarly, the loss of functional capacity of the cardiovascular system that results in space and continuous bed rest is over 10 times faster than in the course of aging. Deconditioning in space from gravity deprivation has brought attention to the medical hazards of deconditioning on Earth from gravity withdrawal as in sedentary aging. Though seemingly reversible after periods of 6 months in space or its ground analog of bed rest, it remains to be seen whether that will be so after longer exposures. Both adaptation to space and aging do not merely parallel but converge as disorders of mechanotransduction. Like spaceflight, its analog bed rest telescopes the changes observed with aging and serves as a useful clinical model for the study of age-related deconditioning. The convergence of the disciplines of aging, along with gravitational and space physiology is advancing the understanding and prevention of modern lifestyle medical disorders.

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Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space, Gravity and the Physiology of Aging: Parallel or Convergent Disciplines? A Mini-Review

Vernikos

Schneider²

2009

Gerontology

164

109

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“…Because changes in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were proposed to contribute to the initiation of the natriuresis during space flight, this peptide was mea sured in 4 subjects during the Spacelab 2 mission [13,37], Blood samples were collected on 3 different days before flight, after 24-30 and 175-185 h in space, and on the first, third and tenth postflight day. Atrial natriuretic peptide increased within 24-30 h by 36 % over the mean of the preflight level and thereafter (175-185 h in flight) decreased to 59% below the mean preflight value.…”

Section: Atrial Natriuretic Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pre sumed augmented urinary excretion of fluid and electro lytes led, eventually, to a substantial commitment of the space life science community to define the mechanisms and pathways involved [7,8,12,13]. The observation that a major fluid shift occurred early in flight raised the question as to whether an increased central blood vol ume induced an increased rate of renal excretion of sodium and water [2,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manned Space Flight and the Kidney

Norsk

Epstein

1991

Am J Nephrol

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“…Based on additional observation obtained from parabolic flight experiments [52], measuring simultaneously left atrial diameter, central venous pressure and esophageal pressure (indicating the extracardiac pressure in the surrounding thoracic regions), an increased transmural pressure during short periods of µ-G, despite lowered central venous pressure, became evident. In consequence, the increase in cardiac dimension with heart stretching triggers the short-lasting release of atrial natriuretic peptide [53]. The increases in urinary cGMP during that period [10]confirms the effect of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide as vasodilator and promoter of vascular permeability.…”

Section: Arriving At a New Hypothesis (Fig 4b C)mentioning

confidence: 88%