The Endocranial Vascular System: Tracing Vessels

Lázaro, Gizéh Rangel de; Eisová, Stanislava; Píšová, Hana; Bruner, Emiliano

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-56582-6_6

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…; Rangel de Lázaro et al. ). Most of these features are termed ‘epigenetic traits’ because of the uncertain morphogenetic mechanisms, and probable influence of both genetic and developmental factors (Hauser & De Stefano, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also calculated cumulative indexes based on the sum of the values for the canals, as proxies for the overall blood flow capacity of the foramina (Rangel de Lázaro et al. ). For each specimen, we computed the sum of the right–left dimensions for paired canals, the sum of the right and left side emissary canals, and the sum of all the emissary canals (Table ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Bruner & Sherkat, ; Rangel de Lázaro et al. ). Nonetheless, information on normal variation in our species is still scanty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations

et al. 2019

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The vascular networks running into the meningeal layers, between the brain and braincase, leave imprints on the endocranial surface. These traces are visible in osteological specimens and skeletal collections, providing indirect evidence of vascular patterns in those cases in which bone remains are the only source of anatomical information, such as in forensic science, bioarchaeology and paleontology. The main vascular elements are associated with the middle meningeal artery, the venous sinuses of the dura mater, and the emissary veins. Most of these vascular systems have been hypothesized to be involved in endocranial thermal regulation. Although these traits deal with macroanatomical features, much information on their variation is still lacking.In this survey, we analyze a set of craniovascular imprints in two European dry skull samples with different neurocranial proportions: a brachycephalic Czech sample (n = 103) and a mesocephalic Italian sample (n = 152). We analyzed variation and distribution, correlation with cranial metrics, and sex differences in the dominance of the branches of the middle meningeal artery, the patterns of confluence of the sinuses, and the size of the emissary foramina. The descriptive statistics provide a reference to compare specimens and samples from different case studies. When compared with the Italian skulls, the Czech skulls display a greater dominance of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and more asymmetric right-dominance of the confluence of the venous sinuses. There is no sex difference in the middle meningeal vessels, but males show a greater prevalence of the occipito-marginal draining system. Differences in the middle meningeal vessels or venous sinuses are apparently not influenced by cranial dimensions or proportions. The mastoid foramina are larger in larger and more brachycephalic skulls, which increases the emissary potential flow in the Czech sample and males, when compared with the Italian samples and females, respectively. The number of mastoid foramina increases in wider skulls. This anatomic information is necessary to develop further morphological and functional inferences on the relationships between neurocranial bones and vessels at the genetic, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations

et al. 2019

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“…Craniovascular structures such as the middle meningeal vessels (MMV), the diploic veins, the dural venous sinuses (DVS), and the emissary veins leave traces on the cranial bones, revealing crucial information in osteological remains. The emissary veins bridge the ectocranial and endocranial spaces and communicate with other vessels (e.g., diploic veins), leaving foramina and curved channels of variable numbers and sizes (Mortazavi et al, 2012; Rangel‐de Lázaro, Eisová, Píšová, & Bruner, 2018). In the endocranial level, the MMV frequently originates from the maxillary branch of the external carotid artery and accesses the cranium through the foramen spinosum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing craniovascular traits in artificially modified pre‐Columbian crania from Cuba, the largest Caribbean archipelago

Lázaro

2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The impressions left by the vascular system on the surface of the skull, like those of the middle meningeal vessels, the dural venous sinuses, and the emissary veins, are a unique source of vascular and anatomical evidence when working with osteological collections, as is the case with bioarchaeological, forensic, and paleoanthropological investigations. Craniovascular features have been investigated in multiple modern human populations; however, no information is available on their analysis in artificially modified pre‐Hispanic Caribbean skulls. To shed light on this matter, this report provides a reference for the prevalence, characterization, and distribution of craniovascular traits using a collection of fronto‐occipital tabular oblique artificially shaped pre‐Columbian crania from Cuba (the largest archipelago in the Caribbean) as a case study. Results suggest that changes produced by intentional head‐shaping may have affected the pattern and direction of endocranial vascular structures, whereas emissary foramina placed in less‐affected areas appear to be less influenced by changes in cranial morphology. Future work will investigate the consequences of artificial modification on the cranial and endocranial vascular systems and compare them with unmodified pre‐Columbian specimens. Also, the effects of head shaping in endocranial thermoregulation should be explored in the future. Providing new knowledge about the prevalence and variation of the craniovascular traits may be useful not only in research based on osteoarcheological collections but also in medicine.

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“…

In the human cranium, several vascular networks leave imprints in the endocranial surface or create canals in the bone wall (Píšová et al, 2017;Rangel de Lázaro et al, 2018). Such osteological features, here termed craniovascular traits, provide indirect evidence of vascular patterns when only bone remains are available, such as in bioarchaeology, paleontology, and forensic science.

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confidence: 99%

Craniovascular traits and braincase morphology in craniosynostotic human skulls

et al. 2021

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In the human cranium, several vascular networks leave imprints in the endocranial surface or create canals in the bone wall (Píšová et al., 2017;Rangel de Lázaro et al., 2018). Such osteological features, here termed craniovascular traits, provide indirect evidence of vascular patterns when only bone remains are available, such as in bioarchaeology, paleontology, and forensic science. Two vascular systems are imprinted in the endocranial table of the skull, specifically the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and the dural venous sinuses (DVS). Both run within the dura mater between the brain and the braincase (e.g.

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The Endocranial Vascular System: Tracing Vessels

Cited by 11 publications

References 152 publications

Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations

Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations

Tracing craniovascular traits in artificially modified pre‐Columbian crania from Cuba, the largest Caribbean archipelago

Craniovascular traits and braincase morphology in craniosynostotic human skulls

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